TNCC WRITTEN EXAM GRADED A WITH COMPLETE
SOLUTIONS 2025/2026
What is the best measure of the adequacy of cellular perfusion and helps predict the outcome
of resuscitation? -ANSWER-Base deficit used in conjunction with serum lactate
Will hypocapnia cause vasoconstriction or vasodilation, especially in the cerebral
vasculature? -ANSWER-Vasoconstriction
What results from tissue hypo perfusion and oxygen deficit? -ANSWER-Metabolic acidosis
What type of shock results in generalized vasodilation? -ANSWER-Neurogenic shock
Spinal cord injuries at C3-C5 causes loss of what nerves function, resulting in what? -
ANSWER-Phrenic nerve; paralyzed diaphragm and inability to breath
Extremity elevation AT the level of the heart is beneficial for what type of injury? -
ANSWER-Compartment Syndrome
What is a high risk of frostbite? -ANSWER-Thrombus formation
What two medications can be administered to maintain perfusion after a frostbite injury along
with rewarming? -ANSWER-Tissue plasminogen activator or non steroidal anti-
inflammatory medication (NSAIDS)
An rise in diastolic blood pressures is a sign of increasing what? -ANSWER-Peripheral
resistance
What position will benefit the airway and work of breathing for the bariatric patient? -
ANSWER-Reverse Trendelenburg
, Which phase of a blast results from flying debris, projectiles, and bomb fragments causing
lacerations or penetrating injuries? -ANSWER-Secondary Phase
What phase of a blast results from any explosion-related illness or injury including
hyperglycemia, hypertension, angina, asthma, COPD, or sepsis? -ANSWER-Quaternary
Phase
What phase of a blast results from individuals being thrown by the blast and impacting walls,
ground, or any hard object? -ANSWER-Tertiary Phase
What phase of a blast results from impact of the over and under pressurization wave with
body surfaces. Injuries include blast lung, tympanic membrane rupture, abdominal
hemorrhage, globe rupture, and mild traumatic brain injury? -ANSWER-Primary Phase
Signs of what include muscle pain or weakness, dark red or brown urine, general weakness or
malaise, and elevated creatinine kinase levels? -ANSWER-Rhabdomyolosis
Signs of what include anxiety, pleuritic chest pain, dyspnea, hypoxemia, hemoptysis, cough,
orthopnea, adventitious lung sounds, decreased lung sounds, jugular vein distention, or
hypotension? -ANSWER-Pulmonary Embolus
Signs of what include headache, nausea and vomiting, amnesia, behavioral changes, altered
level of consciousness? -ANSWER-Increased intracranial pressure
Signs of what include asymmetric pupillary reactivity, unilateral dilation, widening pulse
pressure, abnormal motor posturing, bradycardia, and decreased respiratory effort? -
ANSWER-Late signs of increased ICP with Herniation Syndrome
What is caused by the tear of the bridging veins or middle meningeal artery? -ANSWER-
Subdural and Epidural Hematoma
Affect concentration, memory, sleep, mode, and libido. Causes headaches, dizziness and
nausea. -ANSWER-Postconcussive Syndrome/ Mild Traumatic Brain Injury
SOLUTIONS 2025/2026
What is the best measure of the adequacy of cellular perfusion and helps predict the outcome
of resuscitation? -ANSWER-Base deficit used in conjunction with serum lactate
Will hypocapnia cause vasoconstriction or vasodilation, especially in the cerebral
vasculature? -ANSWER-Vasoconstriction
What results from tissue hypo perfusion and oxygen deficit? -ANSWER-Metabolic acidosis
What type of shock results in generalized vasodilation? -ANSWER-Neurogenic shock
Spinal cord injuries at C3-C5 causes loss of what nerves function, resulting in what? -
ANSWER-Phrenic nerve; paralyzed diaphragm and inability to breath
Extremity elevation AT the level of the heart is beneficial for what type of injury? -
ANSWER-Compartment Syndrome
What is a high risk of frostbite? -ANSWER-Thrombus formation
What two medications can be administered to maintain perfusion after a frostbite injury along
with rewarming? -ANSWER-Tissue plasminogen activator or non steroidal anti-
inflammatory medication (NSAIDS)
An rise in diastolic blood pressures is a sign of increasing what? -ANSWER-Peripheral
resistance
What position will benefit the airway and work of breathing for the bariatric patient? -
ANSWER-Reverse Trendelenburg
, Which phase of a blast results from flying debris, projectiles, and bomb fragments causing
lacerations or penetrating injuries? -ANSWER-Secondary Phase
What phase of a blast results from any explosion-related illness or injury including
hyperglycemia, hypertension, angina, asthma, COPD, or sepsis? -ANSWER-Quaternary
Phase
What phase of a blast results from individuals being thrown by the blast and impacting walls,
ground, or any hard object? -ANSWER-Tertiary Phase
What phase of a blast results from impact of the over and under pressurization wave with
body surfaces. Injuries include blast lung, tympanic membrane rupture, abdominal
hemorrhage, globe rupture, and mild traumatic brain injury? -ANSWER-Primary Phase
Signs of what include muscle pain or weakness, dark red or brown urine, general weakness or
malaise, and elevated creatinine kinase levels? -ANSWER-Rhabdomyolosis
Signs of what include anxiety, pleuritic chest pain, dyspnea, hypoxemia, hemoptysis, cough,
orthopnea, adventitious lung sounds, decreased lung sounds, jugular vein distention, or
hypotension? -ANSWER-Pulmonary Embolus
Signs of what include headache, nausea and vomiting, amnesia, behavioral changes, altered
level of consciousness? -ANSWER-Increased intracranial pressure
Signs of what include asymmetric pupillary reactivity, unilateral dilation, widening pulse
pressure, abnormal motor posturing, bradycardia, and decreased respiratory effort? -
ANSWER-Late signs of increased ICP with Herniation Syndrome
What is caused by the tear of the bridging veins or middle meningeal artery? -ANSWER-
Subdural and Epidural Hematoma
Affect concentration, memory, sleep, mode, and libido. Causes headaches, dizziness and
nausea. -ANSWER-Postconcussive Syndrome/ Mild Traumatic Brain Injury
