NURS 5334 UTA Advanced Pharmacology Exam
UPDATED ACTUAL Questions and CORRECT
Answers
How do drugs lower IOP? - CORRECT ANSWER -Facilitate aqueous humor outflow
Reduce aqueous humor production
First-line dx therapy for glaucoma? - CORRECT ANSWER -Beta-adrenergic blocking agents
Alpha2-adrenergic agonists
Prostaglandin analogs
Second-line dx therapy for glaucoma? - CORRECT ANSWER -Cholinergic agonists
How do Beta blocking drugs work in glaucoma? - CORRECT ANSWER -Reduce IOP by reducing production of
AH
How do Alpha agonists work in glaucoma? - CORRECT ANSWER -Reduce IOP by reducing production of AH
and increasing outflow
How do Prostaglandins work in glaucoma? - CORRECT ANSWER -Reduce IOP by increasing AH outflow
Beta blocker drugs for glaucoma - CORRECT ANSWER -Betaxolol
Carteolol
Levobunolol
Metipranolol
Timolol
*used for open-angle glaucoma
Cardioselective beta blockers for asthma patients? - CORRECT ANSWER -Betaxolol
Levobetaxolol
What are the prostaglandin drugs? - CORRECT ANSWER -Latanoprost
Travoprost
Bimatoprost
Tafluprost
2 approved alpha2-adrenergic agonist drugs for glaucoma? - CORRECT ANSWER -Apraclonidine: for short-term
therapy
Brimonidine: First line dx for long-term tx
How does Pilocarpine work? - CORRECT ANSWER -Direct acting cholinergic agonist that causes:
-Miosis
-Contraction of the ciliary muscle
Pilocarpine used for? - CORRECT ANSWER -Second-line dx for open-angle glaucoma
Emergency tx of acute angle-closure glaucoma
How does Echothiophate work? - CORRECT ANSWER -Miosis
Focus lens for near vision
Reduction of IOP
*inhibits breakdown of ACh
How does Carbonic Anhydrase Inhibitors (CAIs) work? - CORRECT ANSWER -reduces IOP by decreasing
production of AH
Dorzolamide
Acetazolamide
Methazolamide
,Cycloplegics do what? - CORRECT ANSWER -Paralyze ciliary muscles
Mydriatics do what? - CORRECT ANSWER -Dilate the pupil
Cycloplegics and Mydriatics uses - CORRECT ANSWER -Adjunct to measurement of refraction
Intraocular examination
Intraocular surgery
Tx of anterior uveitis
Mast-cell stabilizers MOA (for allergic conjunctivitis) - CORRECT ANSWER -Prevent release of inflammatory
mediators
NSAIDs: Ketorolac (Toradol) used for? - CORRECT ANSWER -Treatment of allergic conjunctivitis
Ocular Decongestants MOA - CORRECT ANSWER -Decrease redness & edema by activating alpha1-adrenergic
receptors on blood vessels> causing vasoconstriction (not for long term use)
Eye drops and allergic conjunctivitis - CORRECT ANSWER -Don't take eye drops for long term treatment
Prolonged use of Glucocorticoids in allergic conjunctivitis? - CORRECT ANSWER -Serious adverse effects:
cataracts
eye infection
elevation of IOP
Ocular Decongestants drugs - CORRECT ANSWER -Naphazoline
Phenylephrine
Wet vs dry macular degeneration - CORRECT ANSWER -Dry= Drusen (yellow deposits under retina)
Wet= Growth of new subretinal blood vessels (fragile & leaky); fluid leakage lifts macula from its normal place
Treatment of wet macular degeneration - CORRECT ANSWER -Laser therapy
Photodynamic therapy (PDT):
-Verteporfin
Angiogenesis inhibitors:
-Pegaptanib
-Ranibizumab
-Aflibercept
-Bevacizumab
Treatment of dry macular degeneration - CORRECT ANSWER -High doses of antioxidants and zinc
Acute otitis media (AOM): what are 3 most common causative bacteria? - CORRECT ANSWER -Strep pneumo
H Flu
M catarrhalis
AOM prevention - CORRECT ANSWER -Breastfeeding at least 6 mo
Avoid child care centers when resp. infection prevalent
Avoid supine bottles
Avoid pacifier after 6 mo
Eliminate tobacco exposure
Vaccinate for Flu and Strep. pneumo
AOM treatment - CORRECT ANSWER -High dose amoxicillin
High-dose amoxicillin-clavulanate (if antibx resistant)
Otitis media with effusion treatment - CORRECT ANSWER -Antibiotics have minimal effect-don't use
Otitis externa: Most causative organisms? - CORRECT ANSWER -Pseudomonas Aeruginosa
, Staphylococcus aureus
Otitis externa treatment - CORRECT ANSWER -inflammation of the outer ear
Acetic acid drops
ABX: cipro
ABX: Fluoroquinolones (^18 yrs old)
Fungal Otitis Externa (Otomycosis) pathogens: - CORRECT ANSWER -Aspergillus
Candida
Fungal Otitis externa treatment - CORRECT ANSWER -Acidifying drops
1% Clotrimazole (if drops not effective)
Itraconazole (if oral needed)
Fluconazole (if oral needed)
What does activation of H1 receptors cause - CORRECT ANSWER -vasodilation
increased capillary permeability
pain
itching
secretion of mucus bronchoconstriction
CNS effects.
What are the actions of H2 receptors? - CORRECT ANSWER -Regulates secretion of gastric acid
Histamine act directly on parietal cells to promote acid release
H1 antagonists are used for what? - CORRECT ANSWER -Used for tx of mild allergic disorders
H2 antagonists are used for what? - CORRECT ANSWER -Used for tx of gastric and duodenal ulcers
Bronchitis symptoms and treatment - CORRECT ANSWER -99% of time is viral
S/S of cough
May last long time about 3 mos.
DON'T need antibiotics (viral); it'll go away
May give cough syrup + codeine or tesslon perrles
H1 antagonists 1st generation (sedating) therapeutic use? - CORRECT ANSWER -Mild allergy
Severe allergy
Motion sickness (Promethazine, Dimenhydrinate)
Insomnia (Diphenhydramine)
Common cold
H1 antagonists (1st generation) AE? - CORRECT ANSWER -Sedation (less w/2nd & 3rd)
Nonsedative CNS effects (dizzy, fatigue, confusion, coordination problems)
GI effects (N/V, loss of appetite, constipation)
Anticholinergic effects
Hallucinations in children
Dry mouth, constipation
H1 antagonists (2nd generation) drugs? - CORRECT ANSWER -Certirizine
Fexofenadine
Loratadine
Levocetirizine
Desloratadine
Drug classes used to treat allergic rhinitis? - CORRECT ANSWER -Glucocorticoids (intranasal)
Antihistamines (oral & intranasal)
Sympathomimetics (oral a& intranasal)
Intranasal Glucocorticoids - CORRECT ANSWER -Rhinocort
UPDATED ACTUAL Questions and CORRECT
Answers
How do drugs lower IOP? - CORRECT ANSWER -Facilitate aqueous humor outflow
Reduce aqueous humor production
First-line dx therapy for glaucoma? - CORRECT ANSWER -Beta-adrenergic blocking agents
Alpha2-adrenergic agonists
Prostaglandin analogs
Second-line dx therapy for glaucoma? - CORRECT ANSWER -Cholinergic agonists
How do Beta blocking drugs work in glaucoma? - CORRECT ANSWER -Reduce IOP by reducing production of
AH
How do Alpha agonists work in glaucoma? - CORRECT ANSWER -Reduce IOP by reducing production of AH
and increasing outflow
How do Prostaglandins work in glaucoma? - CORRECT ANSWER -Reduce IOP by increasing AH outflow
Beta blocker drugs for glaucoma - CORRECT ANSWER -Betaxolol
Carteolol
Levobunolol
Metipranolol
Timolol
*used for open-angle glaucoma
Cardioselective beta blockers for asthma patients? - CORRECT ANSWER -Betaxolol
Levobetaxolol
What are the prostaglandin drugs? - CORRECT ANSWER -Latanoprost
Travoprost
Bimatoprost
Tafluprost
2 approved alpha2-adrenergic agonist drugs for glaucoma? - CORRECT ANSWER -Apraclonidine: for short-term
therapy
Brimonidine: First line dx for long-term tx
How does Pilocarpine work? - CORRECT ANSWER -Direct acting cholinergic agonist that causes:
-Miosis
-Contraction of the ciliary muscle
Pilocarpine used for? - CORRECT ANSWER -Second-line dx for open-angle glaucoma
Emergency tx of acute angle-closure glaucoma
How does Echothiophate work? - CORRECT ANSWER -Miosis
Focus lens for near vision
Reduction of IOP
*inhibits breakdown of ACh
How does Carbonic Anhydrase Inhibitors (CAIs) work? - CORRECT ANSWER -reduces IOP by decreasing
production of AH
Dorzolamide
Acetazolamide
Methazolamide
,Cycloplegics do what? - CORRECT ANSWER -Paralyze ciliary muscles
Mydriatics do what? - CORRECT ANSWER -Dilate the pupil
Cycloplegics and Mydriatics uses - CORRECT ANSWER -Adjunct to measurement of refraction
Intraocular examination
Intraocular surgery
Tx of anterior uveitis
Mast-cell stabilizers MOA (for allergic conjunctivitis) - CORRECT ANSWER -Prevent release of inflammatory
mediators
NSAIDs: Ketorolac (Toradol) used for? - CORRECT ANSWER -Treatment of allergic conjunctivitis
Ocular Decongestants MOA - CORRECT ANSWER -Decrease redness & edema by activating alpha1-adrenergic
receptors on blood vessels> causing vasoconstriction (not for long term use)
Eye drops and allergic conjunctivitis - CORRECT ANSWER -Don't take eye drops for long term treatment
Prolonged use of Glucocorticoids in allergic conjunctivitis? - CORRECT ANSWER -Serious adverse effects:
cataracts
eye infection
elevation of IOP
Ocular Decongestants drugs - CORRECT ANSWER -Naphazoline
Phenylephrine
Wet vs dry macular degeneration - CORRECT ANSWER -Dry= Drusen (yellow deposits under retina)
Wet= Growth of new subretinal blood vessels (fragile & leaky); fluid leakage lifts macula from its normal place
Treatment of wet macular degeneration - CORRECT ANSWER -Laser therapy
Photodynamic therapy (PDT):
-Verteporfin
Angiogenesis inhibitors:
-Pegaptanib
-Ranibizumab
-Aflibercept
-Bevacizumab
Treatment of dry macular degeneration - CORRECT ANSWER -High doses of antioxidants and zinc
Acute otitis media (AOM): what are 3 most common causative bacteria? - CORRECT ANSWER -Strep pneumo
H Flu
M catarrhalis
AOM prevention - CORRECT ANSWER -Breastfeeding at least 6 mo
Avoid child care centers when resp. infection prevalent
Avoid supine bottles
Avoid pacifier after 6 mo
Eliminate tobacco exposure
Vaccinate for Flu and Strep. pneumo
AOM treatment - CORRECT ANSWER -High dose amoxicillin
High-dose amoxicillin-clavulanate (if antibx resistant)
Otitis media with effusion treatment - CORRECT ANSWER -Antibiotics have minimal effect-don't use
Otitis externa: Most causative organisms? - CORRECT ANSWER -Pseudomonas Aeruginosa
, Staphylococcus aureus
Otitis externa treatment - CORRECT ANSWER -inflammation of the outer ear
Acetic acid drops
ABX: cipro
ABX: Fluoroquinolones (^18 yrs old)
Fungal Otitis Externa (Otomycosis) pathogens: - CORRECT ANSWER -Aspergillus
Candida
Fungal Otitis externa treatment - CORRECT ANSWER -Acidifying drops
1% Clotrimazole (if drops not effective)
Itraconazole (if oral needed)
Fluconazole (if oral needed)
What does activation of H1 receptors cause - CORRECT ANSWER -vasodilation
increased capillary permeability
pain
itching
secretion of mucus bronchoconstriction
CNS effects.
What are the actions of H2 receptors? - CORRECT ANSWER -Regulates secretion of gastric acid
Histamine act directly on parietal cells to promote acid release
H1 antagonists are used for what? - CORRECT ANSWER -Used for tx of mild allergic disorders
H2 antagonists are used for what? - CORRECT ANSWER -Used for tx of gastric and duodenal ulcers
Bronchitis symptoms and treatment - CORRECT ANSWER -99% of time is viral
S/S of cough
May last long time about 3 mos.
DON'T need antibiotics (viral); it'll go away
May give cough syrup + codeine or tesslon perrles
H1 antagonists 1st generation (sedating) therapeutic use? - CORRECT ANSWER -Mild allergy
Severe allergy
Motion sickness (Promethazine, Dimenhydrinate)
Insomnia (Diphenhydramine)
Common cold
H1 antagonists (1st generation) AE? - CORRECT ANSWER -Sedation (less w/2nd & 3rd)
Nonsedative CNS effects (dizzy, fatigue, confusion, coordination problems)
GI effects (N/V, loss of appetite, constipation)
Anticholinergic effects
Hallucinations in children
Dry mouth, constipation
H1 antagonists (2nd generation) drugs? - CORRECT ANSWER -Certirizine
Fexofenadine
Loratadine
Levocetirizine
Desloratadine
Drug classes used to treat allergic rhinitis? - CORRECT ANSWER -Glucocorticoids (intranasal)
Antihistamines (oral & intranasal)
Sympathomimetics (oral a& intranasal)
Intranasal Glucocorticoids - CORRECT ANSWER -Rhinocort
