NURS 5350 M2L3 UPDATED ACTUAL Questions
and CORRECT Answers
Historically, nursing preparation was referred to as "training," and many nurses educated through the 1970s still use this
term to refer to their education. Why is this terminology particularly problematic in light of the advances made in nursing
science in the last 30 years?
A) On-the-job apprenticeships are no longer as prevalent as they were up through the late 1970s and early 1980s.
B) It places emphasis on nurses' abilities to perform tasks rather than reason through and understand the purpose of their
actions.
C) Most modern nurses pursue Master's level education beyond their practice-based Bachelor's education.
D) The last 30 years have seen nursing education move away from physician-taught courses in hospitals to professor-
taught courses at universities. - CORRECT ANSWER -B
During the 1960s, why did nursing scholars heavily emphasize a focus on the theoretical development of nursing as its
own, independent discipline?
A) To support doctoral education for nurses that was discipline specific
B) To prove that the logical positivist approach was a poor fit for the discipline
C) To encourage and enhance the continued development of nursing science
D) To promote research by nurses in all fields, not merely nursing science - CORRECT ANSWER -C
Which argument best supports the idea of nursing as a professional discipline rather than an academic discipline?
A) "Nursing is an applied science. Its practice component places an emphasis on the delivery of service by nurses rather
than the development of academic knowledge."
B) "Nursing is a discipline with unique substance. It borrows very little from other disciplines and, as a result, is beyond
the realm of most academic programs in the sciences that acknowledge idea sharing across disciplines."
C) "Nursing is a concept with a lengthy unofficial history. Individuals have been providing nursing care to others since
the Crusades, and this professional provision of services predates formal education in the field."
D) "Nursing is a relative newcomer to advanced education. For many years, nurses were educated or trained only at a
Bachelor's level, and advanced practice therefore has its roots in the profession itse - CORRECT ANSWER -A
Which statement most accurately encapsulates Thomas Kuhn's proposed philosophy of science?
A) Science philosophy should address both the conceptual and empirical problems of science and serve as merely a
problem-solving activity.
B) Science philosophy should focus on concept clarification and concept analysis based on theory development and
synthesis.
C) Science philosophy should resolve conceptual problems in science without being limited to the development of
theories.
D) Science philosophy should examine the process of science, rather than the product of science, according to a
disciplinary matrix known as a paradigm. - CORRECT ANSWER -D
The consensus statement crafted at the Knowledge Consensus Conference in Boston in 1998 addressed the following
areas except:
A) The nature of the human person
B) The role of nursing theory
C) The nature of the nurse as an individual
D) The links of each area of understanding to nursing practice - CORRECT ANSWER -C
In which area is there a need for increased attention?
A) Acceptance of pluralism
B) Linking feminism to modern trends
C) Increasing empirical orientation in conceptual work
D) Theory development - CORRECT ANSWER -D
Clinical research focuses primarily on:
A) results of patients' medical care in a specified time period.
B) steps in the process of medical care such as early detection, diagnosis, and treatment of disease or injury.
C) care for the chronically ill.
D) cost-effectiveness of experimental interventions. - CORRECT ANSWER -B
In conducting experimental studies, ethical issues may arise about:
, A) exposing research subjects to unknown risks or withholding beneficial treatments from control groups.
B) randomization in the selection of the research population.
C) requirements for long-term participation.
D) personal inconveniences of study participants. - CORRECT ANSWER -A
The Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality (AHRQ) is a federal agency charged with:
A) establishing Medicare payment policies.
B) updating diagnostic group definitions for Medicaid payment of clinical treatment.
C) improving outcomes and quality of healthcare services, reducing costs, improving patient safety, and fostering
effective services.
D) challenging interest groups' definitions of "quality care." - CORRECT ANSWER -C
In contrast to traditional, randomized controlled studies, outcomes research evaluates results of healthcare processes by:
A) focusing studies on the "real world" of physician offices, hospitals, clinics, and homes and includes patients' functional
status.
B) relying principally on analyses of patients' lab results and diagnostic measures to determine functional status.
C) compiling anecdotal reports from the patients' primary providers.
D) using insurance companies' claims datA) - CORRECT ANSWER -A
Which of the following is a meta-analysis of several high-quality randomized, controlled clinical trials?
A) Observational study
B) Randomized controlled clinical trial
C) Case series
D) Systematic review - CORRECT ANSWER -D
When completing Step 1 of Melnyk and Fineout-Overholt's evidence-based practice (EBP) process, which action does the
NP student implement?
A) Cultivating a spirit of inquiry
B) Formulating a clinical question
C) Creating a culture of evidence-based practice
D) Searching for high-quality research evidence - CORRECT ANSWER -B
When searching for the best research evidence, which step does the nurse practitioner (NP) student complete first?
A) Expand the search using the explode option.
B) Combine searches generated from PICOT key words.
C) Establish inclusion and exclusion criteria.
D) Use tools to limit the search to the topic of interest. - CORRECT ANSWER -C
Based on the American Association of Critical Care Nurses (AACN) evidence-leveling system, which type of evidence
demonstrates the greatest strength?
A) Meta-analysis of multiple controlled trials
B) Well-designed controlled studies
C) Peer-reviewed organizational standards
D) Theory-based evidence from multiple case reports - CORRECT ANSWER -A
During critical appraisal of the credibility of a research study, the nurse practitioner (NP) student considers which
information?
A) Evidence of conflict of interest
B) Control of extraneous variables
C) Clarity of reported results
D) Selection of sampling procedure - CORRECT ANSWER -A
Explain the purpose of the PICOT method. - CORRECT ANSWER -Prior to finding the best current evidence for
clinical decision making, the clinical problem must be identified and translated into a searchable, answerable question.
The PICOT method is a widely accepted format for creating clinical questions.
Discuss the primary components of a PICOT question. - CORRECT ANSWER -The primary components of a
PICOT question include P: Population/disease (age, gender, ethnicity, with a certain disorder); I: Intervention or variable
of interest (therapy, exposure to a disease, risk behavior, prognostic factor); C: Comparison (alternate therapy, placebo or
usual practice, absence of risk factor); O: Outcome (risk of disease, accuracy of a diagnosis, rate of occurrence of adverse
and CORRECT Answers
Historically, nursing preparation was referred to as "training," and many nurses educated through the 1970s still use this
term to refer to their education. Why is this terminology particularly problematic in light of the advances made in nursing
science in the last 30 years?
A) On-the-job apprenticeships are no longer as prevalent as they were up through the late 1970s and early 1980s.
B) It places emphasis on nurses' abilities to perform tasks rather than reason through and understand the purpose of their
actions.
C) Most modern nurses pursue Master's level education beyond their practice-based Bachelor's education.
D) The last 30 years have seen nursing education move away from physician-taught courses in hospitals to professor-
taught courses at universities. - CORRECT ANSWER -B
During the 1960s, why did nursing scholars heavily emphasize a focus on the theoretical development of nursing as its
own, independent discipline?
A) To support doctoral education for nurses that was discipline specific
B) To prove that the logical positivist approach was a poor fit for the discipline
C) To encourage and enhance the continued development of nursing science
D) To promote research by nurses in all fields, not merely nursing science - CORRECT ANSWER -C
Which argument best supports the idea of nursing as a professional discipline rather than an academic discipline?
A) "Nursing is an applied science. Its practice component places an emphasis on the delivery of service by nurses rather
than the development of academic knowledge."
B) "Nursing is a discipline with unique substance. It borrows very little from other disciplines and, as a result, is beyond
the realm of most academic programs in the sciences that acknowledge idea sharing across disciplines."
C) "Nursing is a concept with a lengthy unofficial history. Individuals have been providing nursing care to others since
the Crusades, and this professional provision of services predates formal education in the field."
D) "Nursing is a relative newcomer to advanced education. For many years, nurses were educated or trained only at a
Bachelor's level, and advanced practice therefore has its roots in the profession itse - CORRECT ANSWER -A
Which statement most accurately encapsulates Thomas Kuhn's proposed philosophy of science?
A) Science philosophy should address both the conceptual and empirical problems of science and serve as merely a
problem-solving activity.
B) Science philosophy should focus on concept clarification and concept analysis based on theory development and
synthesis.
C) Science philosophy should resolve conceptual problems in science without being limited to the development of
theories.
D) Science philosophy should examine the process of science, rather than the product of science, according to a
disciplinary matrix known as a paradigm. - CORRECT ANSWER -D
The consensus statement crafted at the Knowledge Consensus Conference in Boston in 1998 addressed the following
areas except:
A) The nature of the human person
B) The role of nursing theory
C) The nature of the nurse as an individual
D) The links of each area of understanding to nursing practice - CORRECT ANSWER -C
In which area is there a need for increased attention?
A) Acceptance of pluralism
B) Linking feminism to modern trends
C) Increasing empirical orientation in conceptual work
D) Theory development - CORRECT ANSWER -D
Clinical research focuses primarily on:
A) results of patients' medical care in a specified time period.
B) steps in the process of medical care such as early detection, diagnosis, and treatment of disease or injury.
C) care for the chronically ill.
D) cost-effectiveness of experimental interventions. - CORRECT ANSWER -B
In conducting experimental studies, ethical issues may arise about:
, A) exposing research subjects to unknown risks or withholding beneficial treatments from control groups.
B) randomization in the selection of the research population.
C) requirements for long-term participation.
D) personal inconveniences of study participants. - CORRECT ANSWER -A
The Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality (AHRQ) is a federal agency charged with:
A) establishing Medicare payment policies.
B) updating diagnostic group definitions for Medicaid payment of clinical treatment.
C) improving outcomes and quality of healthcare services, reducing costs, improving patient safety, and fostering
effective services.
D) challenging interest groups' definitions of "quality care." - CORRECT ANSWER -C
In contrast to traditional, randomized controlled studies, outcomes research evaluates results of healthcare processes by:
A) focusing studies on the "real world" of physician offices, hospitals, clinics, and homes and includes patients' functional
status.
B) relying principally on analyses of patients' lab results and diagnostic measures to determine functional status.
C) compiling anecdotal reports from the patients' primary providers.
D) using insurance companies' claims datA) - CORRECT ANSWER -A
Which of the following is a meta-analysis of several high-quality randomized, controlled clinical trials?
A) Observational study
B) Randomized controlled clinical trial
C) Case series
D) Systematic review - CORRECT ANSWER -D
When completing Step 1 of Melnyk and Fineout-Overholt's evidence-based practice (EBP) process, which action does the
NP student implement?
A) Cultivating a spirit of inquiry
B) Formulating a clinical question
C) Creating a culture of evidence-based practice
D) Searching for high-quality research evidence - CORRECT ANSWER -B
When searching for the best research evidence, which step does the nurse practitioner (NP) student complete first?
A) Expand the search using the explode option.
B) Combine searches generated from PICOT key words.
C) Establish inclusion and exclusion criteria.
D) Use tools to limit the search to the topic of interest. - CORRECT ANSWER -C
Based on the American Association of Critical Care Nurses (AACN) evidence-leveling system, which type of evidence
demonstrates the greatest strength?
A) Meta-analysis of multiple controlled trials
B) Well-designed controlled studies
C) Peer-reviewed organizational standards
D) Theory-based evidence from multiple case reports - CORRECT ANSWER -A
During critical appraisal of the credibility of a research study, the nurse practitioner (NP) student considers which
information?
A) Evidence of conflict of interest
B) Control of extraneous variables
C) Clarity of reported results
D) Selection of sampling procedure - CORRECT ANSWER -A
Explain the purpose of the PICOT method. - CORRECT ANSWER -Prior to finding the best current evidence for
clinical decision making, the clinical problem must be identified and translated into a searchable, answerable question.
The PICOT method is a widely accepted format for creating clinical questions.
Discuss the primary components of a PICOT question. - CORRECT ANSWER -The primary components of a
PICOT question include P: Population/disease (age, gender, ethnicity, with a certain disorder); I: Intervention or variable
of interest (therapy, exposure to a disease, risk behavior, prognostic factor); C: Comparison (alternate therapy, placebo or
usual practice, absence of risk factor); O: Outcome (risk of disease, accuracy of a diagnosis, rate of occurrence of adverse
