Nutrition 251 Exam 1 PSU UPDATED ACTUAL
Questions and CORRECT Answers
essential nutrients - CORRECT ANSWER - nutrients found in the food you eat, cannot be synthesized in adequate
amounts, life sustaining
6 classes of essential nutrients - CORRECT ANSWER - carbohydrates, lipids, protein, minerals, vitamins, water
nutrient density - CORRECT ANSWER - measure of the nutrients a food provides relative to the amount of
kilocalories; nutrients per gram of food
energy density - CORRECT ANSWER - measure of the energy in a food relative to its weight; Cal per gram of
food
how to calculate energy density - CORRECT ANSWER - divide kcal by grams
what does EAR stand for - CORRECT ANSWER - estimated average requirement
what is EAR - CORRECT ANSWER - average amount of a nutrient that appears sufficient for half of the
population
what does RDA stand for - CORRECT ANSWER - recommended dietary allowance
what is RDA - CORRECT ANSWER - amount of a nutrient you may consume, set well above EAR, covers 98% of
the population; designed for healthy people, to meet their needs; comes into play after EAR is established; for individuals
what does AI stand for - CORRECT ANSWER - adequate intake
what is AI - CORRECT ANSWER - average daily amount that APPEARS to be sufficient to maintain a specific
criteria; this amount is used when an RDA cannot be determined; average amount of a nutrient that a group of healthy
people consume
what does UL stand for - CORRECT ANSWER - Tolerable Upper Level Intake
what is UL - CORRECT ANSWER - a level of a nutrient that is safe to consume, but above which a nutrient will
be toxic; highest dosage you can take before a food becomes toxic
what does AMDR stand for - CORRECT ANSWER - Acceptable Macronutrient Distribution Ranges
what is AMDR - CORRECT ANSWER - adequate percentage of each macronutrient to provide adequate energy,
nutrients, and reduce disease
the AMDR for carbs - CORRECT ANSWER - 45-65%
the AMDR for lipids - CORRECT ANSWER - 20-35%
the AMDR for proteins - CORRECT ANSWER - 10-35%
Daily Value - CORRECT ANSWER - reflects dietary recommendations for nutrients and dietary components that
have a relationship with health; based on a 2000 calorie diet; based on dietary guidelines and RDAs
which nutrients don't have daily value - CORRECT ANSWER - trans fats, sugars, protein
low daily value - CORRECT ANSWER - 5% or less
high daily value - CORRECT ANSWER - 20% or more
, excellent or high source - CORRECT ANSWER - >20% of DV
good source - CORRECT ANSWER - 10-19% of DV
low source - CORRECT ANSWER - <10% of DV
nutrient claim - CORRECT ANSWER - level of a nutrient or dietary substance
health claim - CORRECT ANSWER - association between a food and a disease (prevention) or health condition;
FDA chimes in
structure-function claim - CORRECT ANSWER - can't mention disease or symptom; FDA does not chime in
equation % calories from fat - CORRECT ANSWER - calories from fat per serving/ calories per serving x 100
equation for % DV - CORRECT ANSWER - amount of fat in a serving/ DV for fat x 100
energy value of carbs - CORRECT ANSWER - 4 kcal/g
energy value of lipids - CORRECT ANSWER - 9 kcal/g
energy value of protein - CORRECT ANSWER - 4 kcal/g
energy value of alcohol - CORRECT ANSWER - 7 kcal/g
5 sphincters or valves - CORRECT ANSWER - epiglottis valve
upper esophageal sphincter
lower esophageal sphincter
pyloric sphincter
ileocecal valve
epiglotis valve - CORRECT ANSWER - controls passage of food, drink and air into either the esophagus or trachea
upper esophageal sphincter - CORRECT ANSWER - mouth to esophagus sphincter
lower esophageal sphincter - CORRECT ANSWER - esophagus to stomach sphincter; prevents acid reflux (food
and juices going up the esophagus)
pyloric sphincter - CORRECT ANSWER - stomach to small intestines sphincters; prevents food and juices from
going back to stomach
ileocecal valve - CORRECT ANSWER - small to large intestines sphincter; prevent back flow to SI
peristalsis - CORRECT ANSWER - mechanical digestion; muscle contractions that move bolus down the GI tract
function of HCl in the GI tract - CORRECT ANSWER - prevents bacterial growth and denatures proteins
where protein digestion begins - CORRECT ANSWER - stomach
bile - CORRECT ANSWER - an emulsifier that prepares fats and oils for digestion
where is bile made - CORRECT ANSWER - in the liver from cholesterol
role of the gall bladder - CORRECT ANSWER - stores bile, approximately 30-60 ml until needed; moves bile from
liver to less watery solution
lining of the small intestine - CORRECT ANSWER - villi, microvilli, blood vessels, lymph vessels
Questions and CORRECT Answers
essential nutrients - CORRECT ANSWER - nutrients found in the food you eat, cannot be synthesized in adequate
amounts, life sustaining
6 classes of essential nutrients - CORRECT ANSWER - carbohydrates, lipids, protein, minerals, vitamins, water
nutrient density - CORRECT ANSWER - measure of the nutrients a food provides relative to the amount of
kilocalories; nutrients per gram of food
energy density - CORRECT ANSWER - measure of the energy in a food relative to its weight; Cal per gram of
food
how to calculate energy density - CORRECT ANSWER - divide kcal by grams
what does EAR stand for - CORRECT ANSWER - estimated average requirement
what is EAR - CORRECT ANSWER - average amount of a nutrient that appears sufficient for half of the
population
what does RDA stand for - CORRECT ANSWER - recommended dietary allowance
what is RDA - CORRECT ANSWER - amount of a nutrient you may consume, set well above EAR, covers 98% of
the population; designed for healthy people, to meet their needs; comes into play after EAR is established; for individuals
what does AI stand for - CORRECT ANSWER - adequate intake
what is AI - CORRECT ANSWER - average daily amount that APPEARS to be sufficient to maintain a specific
criteria; this amount is used when an RDA cannot be determined; average amount of a nutrient that a group of healthy
people consume
what does UL stand for - CORRECT ANSWER - Tolerable Upper Level Intake
what is UL - CORRECT ANSWER - a level of a nutrient that is safe to consume, but above which a nutrient will
be toxic; highest dosage you can take before a food becomes toxic
what does AMDR stand for - CORRECT ANSWER - Acceptable Macronutrient Distribution Ranges
what is AMDR - CORRECT ANSWER - adequate percentage of each macronutrient to provide adequate energy,
nutrients, and reduce disease
the AMDR for carbs - CORRECT ANSWER - 45-65%
the AMDR for lipids - CORRECT ANSWER - 20-35%
the AMDR for proteins - CORRECT ANSWER - 10-35%
Daily Value - CORRECT ANSWER - reflects dietary recommendations for nutrients and dietary components that
have a relationship with health; based on a 2000 calorie diet; based on dietary guidelines and RDAs
which nutrients don't have daily value - CORRECT ANSWER - trans fats, sugars, protein
low daily value - CORRECT ANSWER - 5% or less
high daily value - CORRECT ANSWER - 20% or more
, excellent or high source - CORRECT ANSWER - >20% of DV
good source - CORRECT ANSWER - 10-19% of DV
low source - CORRECT ANSWER - <10% of DV
nutrient claim - CORRECT ANSWER - level of a nutrient or dietary substance
health claim - CORRECT ANSWER - association between a food and a disease (prevention) or health condition;
FDA chimes in
structure-function claim - CORRECT ANSWER - can't mention disease or symptom; FDA does not chime in
equation % calories from fat - CORRECT ANSWER - calories from fat per serving/ calories per serving x 100
equation for % DV - CORRECT ANSWER - amount of fat in a serving/ DV for fat x 100
energy value of carbs - CORRECT ANSWER - 4 kcal/g
energy value of lipids - CORRECT ANSWER - 9 kcal/g
energy value of protein - CORRECT ANSWER - 4 kcal/g
energy value of alcohol - CORRECT ANSWER - 7 kcal/g
5 sphincters or valves - CORRECT ANSWER - epiglottis valve
upper esophageal sphincter
lower esophageal sphincter
pyloric sphincter
ileocecal valve
epiglotis valve - CORRECT ANSWER - controls passage of food, drink and air into either the esophagus or trachea
upper esophageal sphincter - CORRECT ANSWER - mouth to esophagus sphincter
lower esophageal sphincter - CORRECT ANSWER - esophagus to stomach sphincter; prevents acid reflux (food
and juices going up the esophagus)
pyloric sphincter - CORRECT ANSWER - stomach to small intestines sphincters; prevents food and juices from
going back to stomach
ileocecal valve - CORRECT ANSWER - small to large intestines sphincter; prevent back flow to SI
peristalsis - CORRECT ANSWER - mechanical digestion; muscle contractions that move bolus down the GI tract
function of HCl in the GI tract - CORRECT ANSWER - prevents bacterial growth and denatures proteins
where protein digestion begins - CORRECT ANSWER - stomach
bile - CORRECT ANSWER - an emulsifier that prepares fats and oils for digestion
where is bile made - CORRECT ANSWER - in the liver from cholesterol
role of the gall bladder - CORRECT ANSWER - stores bile, approximately 30-60 ml until needed; moves bile from
liver to less watery solution
lining of the small intestine - CORRECT ANSWER - villi, microvilli, blood vessels, lymph vessels
