PSYC 382: exam 4 UPDATED ACTUAL Questions and
CORRECT Answers
Learning Acquiring new information that results in a memory
Memory Information retained over time that can be retrieved
Why memory is important Humans need the ability to maintain information over time
Encoding Creating a memory trace from incoming information and experiences
Storage Retaining a memory trace over time; includes subprocesses
, Retrieval Accessing stored memory to support decision making and behavior
Short-term memory (STM) Information currently in mind; limited capacity; requires active maintenance
Long-term memory (LTM) Stored information not currently in awareness; virtually unlimited capacity
STM vs LTM relationship Information moves from STM to LTM; LTM contents enter STM when recalled
Modal model of memory Atkinson & Shiffrin (1968); information flows from attention → STM → rehearsal
→ LTM
Role of attention Selects information for entry into short-term memory
Role of rehearsal Helps transfer information from STM to LTM
Forgetting in modal model Occurs due to decay or interference
Sensory memory Brief storage of sensory information
Iconic memory Visual sensory memory lasting up to ~500 ms
Echoic memory Auditory sensory memory lasting up to ~10 seconds
Mismatch negativity (MMN/F) Neural response to unexpected/deviant stimulus
Sensory memory location Stored in sensory cortex
Working memory model Proposed by Baddeley & Hitch; includes multiple stores and a central
executive
Central executive Controls and coordinates working memory processes
Visuospatial sketchpad Processes visual and spatial information
Phonological loop Processes auditory/verbal information; linked to Broca's and Wernicke's areas
Working memory capacity Limited; lasts seconds to minutes
Function of working memory Maintains and manipulates information for goal-directed behavior
Working memory sources Information from environment or retrieved from long-term memory
Digit span task Measures verbal working memory capacity
Digit span rule Increase digits after correct trial; failure twice = capacity limit
Brain regions for phonological loop Frontal and temporoparietal regions
Corsi block-tapping task Measures visuospatial working memory capacity
CORRECT Answers
Learning Acquiring new information that results in a memory
Memory Information retained over time that can be retrieved
Why memory is important Humans need the ability to maintain information over time
Encoding Creating a memory trace from incoming information and experiences
Storage Retaining a memory trace over time; includes subprocesses
, Retrieval Accessing stored memory to support decision making and behavior
Short-term memory (STM) Information currently in mind; limited capacity; requires active maintenance
Long-term memory (LTM) Stored information not currently in awareness; virtually unlimited capacity
STM vs LTM relationship Information moves from STM to LTM; LTM contents enter STM when recalled
Modal model of memory Atkinson & Shiffrin (1968); information flows from attention → STM → rehearsal
→ LTM
Role of attention Selects information for entry into short-term memory
Role of rehearsal Helps transfer information from STM to LTM
Forgetting in modal model Occurs due to decay or interference
Sensory memory Brief storage of sensory information
Iconic memory Visual sensory memory lasting up to ~500 ms
Echoic memory Auditory sensory memory lasting up to ~10 seconds
Mismatch negativity (MMN/F) Neural response to unexpected/deviant stimulus
Sensory memory location Stored in sensory cortex
Working memory model Proposed by Baddeley & Hitch; includes multiple stores and a central
executive
Central executive Controls and coordinates working memory processes
Visuospatial sketchpad Processes visual and spatial information
Phonological loop Processes auditory/verbal information; linked to Broca's and Wernicke's areas
Working memory capacity Limited; lasts seconds to minutes
Function of working memory Maintains and manipulates information for goal-directed behavior
Working memory sources Information from environment or retrieved from long-term memory
Digit span task Measures verbal working memory capacity
Digit span rule Increase digits after correct trial; failure twice = capacity limit
Brain regions for phonological loop Frontal and temporoparietal regions
Corsi block-tapping task Measures visuospatial working memory capacity
