MSN 671 UPDATED ACTUAL QUESTIONS AND CORRECT
Answers
Histamine Effects of activating H1 H1 receptors, it activates a G-protein-linked second-messenger system that
activates phosphatidylinositol, and the transcription factor cFOS, and results in
normal wakefulness
, H2 Histamine ___ receptors, best known for their actions in gastric acid secretion and
the target of a number of anti-ulcer drugs, postsynaptic receptors also activate a
G-protein second-messenger system with cyclic adenosine monophosphate
(cAMP), phosphokinase A (PKA), and the gene product CREB.
H3 Histamine ___ receptors are presynaptic and function as autoreceptors. H3
receptors are not bound by histamine, the molecular gate is open and allows
histamine release. When histamine binds to the H3receptor, the molecular gate
closes and prevents histamine from being released.
Blocking H1 interferes with the wake-promoting actions of histamine, and thus can cause
sedation, drowsiness, or sleep
Produces sedation and drowsiness—this is why first-generation antihistamines are
used as sleep aids.
Blocking H2 Decreased arousal, promote modest sedative effect, H2 blockade may modestly
reduce arousal.
Blocking H3 Results in disinhibition of histamine release, which can paradoxically enhance
wakefulness
tuberomamillary nucleus (TMN) of the hypothalamus. Location in brain where histamine is produced solely
Orexin ____________________________________________________ , produced in the lateral hypothalamus, plays a key role in stabilizing
wakefulness by activating multiple arousal systems.
Deficiency in ___ is linked to narcolepsy
orexin (hypocretin) Norepinephrine and serotonin from build up and release onto neurons in the
lateral hypothalamus, causing negative feedback inhibiting the release of _______
Without___ _ - VLPO and GABA take charge and suppress all the arousal
neurotransmitters ___ levels rapidly decline during first hour of sleep, plateau,
then steadily rise before awakening
Homeostatic Drive to Sleep The _______________ refers to the body's accumulating need for sleep as
wakefulness is prolonged. It acts as a "sleep pressure" mechanism that gradually
increases the propensity to fall asleep over time.
Adenosine, GABA, Meltonin Homeostatic drive to sleep chemicals involved ( 3 )
Adenosine an endogenous neuromodulator—builds up in the brain. Elevated levels inhibit
wake-promoting neurons and help to promote sleep by facilitating inhibitory
processes. This accumulation is central to creating the "sleep pressure" that
eventually leads to sleep onset.
Answers
Histamine Effects of activating H1 H1 receptors, it activates a G-protein-linked second-messenger system that
activates phosphatidylinositol, and the transcription factor cFOS, and results in
normal wakefulness
, H2 Histamine ___ receptors, best known for their actions in gastric acid secretion and
the target of a number of anti-ulcer drugs, postsynaptic receptors also activate a
G-protein second-messenger system with cyclic adenosine monophosphate
(cAMP), phosphokinase A (PKA), and the gene product CREB.
H3 Histamine ___ receptors are presynaptic and function as autoreceptors. H3
receptors are not bound by histamine, the molecular gate is open and allows
histamine release. When histamine binds to the H3receptor, the molecular gate
closes and prevents histamine from being released.
Blocking H1 interferes with the wake-promoting actions of histamine, and thus can cause
sedation, drowsiness, or sleep
Produces sedation and drowsiness—this is why first-generation antihistamines are
used as sleep aids.
Blocking H2 Decreased arousal, promote modest sedative effect, H2 blockade may modestly
reduce arousal.
Blocking H3 Results in disinhibition of histamine release, which can paradoxically enhance
wakefulness
tuberomamillary nucleus (TMN) of the hypothalamus. Location in brain where histamine is produced solely
Orexin ____________________________________________________ , produced in the lateral hypothalamus, plays a key role in stabilizing
wakefulness by activating multiple arousal systems.
Deficiency in ___ is linked to narcolepsy
orexin (hypocretin) Norepinephrine and serotonin from build up and release onto neurons in the
lateral hypothalamus, causing negative feedback inhibiting the release of _______
Without___ _ - VLPO and GABA take charge and suppress all the arousal
neurotransmitters ___ levels rapidly decline during first hour of sleep, plateau,
then steadily rise before awakening
Homeostatic Drive to Sleep The _______________ refers to the body's accumulating need for sleep as
wakefulness is prolonged. It acts as a "sleep pressure" mechanism that gradually
increases the propensity to fall asleep over time.
Adenosine, GABA, Meltonin Homeostatic drive to sleep chemicals involved ( 3 )
Adenosine an endogenous neuromodulator—builds up in the brain. Elevated levels inhibit
wake-promoting neurons and help to promote sleep by facilitating inhibitory
processes. This accumulation is central to creating the "sleep pressure" that
eventually leads to sleep onset.
