APSE CESP UPDATED E COMPREHENSIVE
EXAM SCRIPT 2026 QUESTIONS AND
ANSWERS GUARANTEED TO PASS
◉ C. learners with disabilities will have an opportunity to achieve
that is commensurate with that of their peers. Answer: On the basis
of such cases as Hudson v. Rowley (1982), the courts determined
that
"appropriate education" means that:
A. students will have all the resources and related services needed to
fulfill their potential
B. services that maximize achievement will be provided to students
as long as the cost is not prohibitive
C. learners with disabilities will have an opportunity to achieve that
is commensurate with that of their peers
D. interpreters will be provided for all deaf students
◉ Hudson v. Rowley (1982). Answer: Court case that defined the
term "free and appropriate education" in the "least restrictive
environment"
◉ E. Both A & D. Answer: An Individualized Education Program
(IEP) must include which of the following
,components?
A. The present levels of academic achievement and functional
performance
B. A record of past student performance
C. A description of the student's intellectual functioning
D. Annual educational goals
E. Both A & D
F. Both D & C
◉ Individualized Family Service Plan (IFSP). Answer: A plan for
special services for young children with developmental delays from
birth to three years of age that includes plans for transitioning to
preschool. Once a child turns 3 years old, an Individualized
Education Program (IEP) is put into place instead.
◉ Criterion-referenced assessment. Answer: Type of assessment
that measures a student's performance against a specific goal,
objective, or standard.
◉ Formative assessment. Answer: Type of assessment that
measures a student's performance during instruction, usually
occurring regularly throughout the instructional unit. Used to
ensure students are making adequate progress.
,◉ Summative assessment. Answer: Type of assessment that
measures a student's achievement at the end of instruction. Used to
determine mastery at the end of a unit.
◉ Diagnostic assessment. Answer: Type of assessment that
measures a student's strengths, weaknesses, knowledge, and skills
prior to instruction.
◉ Norm-referenced assessment. Answer: Type of assessment that
compares a student's performance against the performance of a
group representative of the larger population or sample.
◉ Benchmark assessment. Answer: Type of assessment that
evaluates student progress at periodic intervals to allow teachers to
adapt instruction toward long-term goals; can predict performance
on summative assessments.
◉ Validity. Answer: Measure of how well an assessment tests what it
is supposed to test.
◉ Reliability. Answer: Measure of how consistently a test assesses
over time.
◉ Parallel forms reliability. Answer: Measure of how well two
different versions of the same assessment yield equivalent results.
, ◉ Test-retest reliability. Answer: Measure of how stable an
assessment's results are from one attempt to another (i.e. whether
the same person will have the same results when they take the test
two different times)
◉ Inter-rater reliability. Answer: Measure of how similarly an
assessment can be scored by two different raters.
◉ Internal consistency. Answer: Measure of reliability that
determines how steadily different test items measure the same
construct (i.e. whether different questions related to the same
material yield steady results about the test taker's knowledge of the
target material)
◉ Formal assessment (or standardized). Answer: Type of
assessment that has been previously tested to determine data-based
reasoning for the questions and results. Results are typically in the
form of statistics. Test administration has standardized procedures.
◉ Informal assessment. Answer: Type of assessment that has no
standardized procedure and is used to evaluate more regular, daily
performance. Examples include observations, projects, and
presentations.
EXAM SCRIPT 2026 QUESTIONS AND
ANSWERS GUARANTEED TO PASS
◉ C. learners with disabilities will have an opportunity to achieve
that is commensurate with that of their peers. Answer: On the basis
of such cases as Hudson v. Rowley (1982), the courts determined
that
"appropriate education" means that:
A. students will have all the resources and related services needed to
fulfill their potential
B. services that maximize achievement will be provided to students
as long as the cost is not prohibitive
C. learners with disabilities will have an opportunity to achieve that
is commensurate with that of their peers
D. interpreters will be provided for all deaf students
◉ Hudson v. Rowley (1982). Answer: Court case that defined the
term "free and appropriate education" in the "least restrictive
environment"
◉ E. Both A & D. Answer: An Individualized Education Program
(IEP) must include which of the following
,components?
A. The present levels of academic achievement and functional
performance
B. A record of past student performance
C. A description of the student's intellectual functioning
D. Annual educational goals
E. Both A & D
F. Both D & C
◉ Individualized Family Service Plan (IFSP). Answer: A plan for
special services for young children with developmental delays from
birth to three years of age that includes plans for transitioning to
preschool. Once a child turns 3 years old, an Individualized
Education Program (IEP) is put into place instead.
◉ Criterion-referenced assessment. Answer: Type of assessment
that measures a student's performance against a specific goal,
objective, or standard.
◉ Formative assessment. Answer: Type of assessment that
measures a student's performance during instruction, usually
occurring regularly throughout the instructional unit. Used to
ensure students are making adequate progress.
,◉ Summative assessment. Answer: Type of assessment that
measures a student's achievement at the end of instruction. Used to
determine mastery at the end of a unit.
◉ Diagnostic assessment. Answer: Type of assessment that
measures a student's strengths, weaknesses, knowledge, and skills
prior to instruction.
◉ Norm-referenced assessment. Answer: Type of assessment that
compares a student's performance against the performance of a
group representative of the larger population or sample.
◉ Benchmark assessment. Answer: Type of assessment that
evaluates student progress at periodic intervals to allow teachers to
adapt instruction toward long-term goals; can predict performance
on summative assessments.
◉ Validity. Answer: Measure of how well an assessment tests what it
is supposed to test.
◉ Reliability. Answer: Measure of how consistently a test assesses
over time.
◉ Parallel forms reliability. Answer: Measure of how well two
different versions of the same assessment yield equivalent results.
, ◉ Test-retest reliability. Answer: Measure of how stable an
assessment's results are from one attempt to another (i.e. whether
the same person will have the same results when they take the test
two different times)
◉ Inter-rater reliability. Answer: Measure of how similarly an
assessment can be scored by two different raters.
◉ Internal consistency. Answer: Measure of reliability that
determines how steadily different test items measure the same
construct (i.e. whether different questions related to the same
material yield steady results about the test taker's knowledge of the
target material)
◉ Formal assessment (or standardized). Answer: Type of
assessment that has been previously tested to determine data-based
reasoning for the questions and results. Results are typically in the
form of statistics. Test administration has standardized procedures.
◉ Informal assessment. Answer: Type of assessment that has no
standardized procedure and is used to evaluate more regular, daily
performance. Examples include observations, projects, and
presentations.
