APSE CESP UPDATED E FINAL PAPER 2026
COMPLETE QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS
◉ dyscalculia. Answer: disability with mathematical problems:
numerical sense, equations, identifying numbers, etc
"Defines a range of difficulties in math, such as the inability to
understand numbers' meanings, measurements, patterns,
mathematical terms and the application of mathematical principals.
Early cues include a young child's inability to group items by size or
color, recognize patterns or understand the meaning or order of
numbers."
◉ accommodations. Answer: changes in HOW students learn and
are assessed
◉ Modifications. Answer: changes in WHAT students are expected to
learn
◉ IEP section 504. Answer: NON-IEP STUDENTS--- have other
disabilities, i.e. physical, ADHD, ADD, etc.
Requires schools to supply accommodations for all students with
disabilities even if they don't have IEPs
,◉ Cerebral palsy. Answer: umbrella term that groups neurological
childhood disorders that affect muscular control; does not worsen
over time and cause is located in damaged areas of the brain that
control muscle movement
◉ response to intervention (RTI). Answer: a strategy for diagnosing
learning disabilities in which a student with an academic delay
receives research supported interventions to correct the delay. If the
interventions do not result in considerable academic improvement,
the failure to respond suggests casual learning disabilities.
◉ Obsessive Compulsive Disorder (OCD). Answer: Children and
adults with_______ typically engage in a series of highly ritualized
behaviors that are rigidly performed when they feel stressed.
Behaviors include tapping, snapping fingers, blinking, counting and
so forth.
◉ diabetic hypoglycemia. Answer: AKA insulin reaction or insulin
shock
Occurs when blood sugar falls to a very low level (failure to take
insulin or eat often enough). It is important to treat it quickly or the
diabetic could faint, in which case an injection of glucagon is
administered.
,◉ Pervasive Spectrum Disorders (PSD). Answer: Another name for
Autism Spectrum Disorders (ASD). PSD causes disabilities in
language, thought, emotion, and empathy.
◉ Tourette syndrome. Answer: Individuals with _____________________
are rarely aggressive nor are they reluctant to make eye contact or
otherwise engage others. Often coupled with OCD.
Characterized by explosive sounds (inappropriate words,
meaningless syllables), muscular twitches of the face or elsewhere in
the body and the complete inability to control the spasms.
◉ Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder. Answer: Often a myriad
of symptoms including: disorganization, easily distracted and
frustrated, defensive, immature, impulsive, often interrupts
conversations and hyperactive behaviors.
◉ Test of Silent Contextual Reading Fluency. Answer: Presents a
student with a string of words with no spaces in-between. The
student must use dashes to separate the words. E.g.,
Thesmalldogherdedthefluffysheepintothebarn.
The/small/dog/herded/the/fluffy/sheep/into/the/barn.
, The more words a student separates, the higher the silent reading
fluency score.
◉ Oral Reading Fluency assessment (ORF). Answer: AKA
Curriculum-Based Measurement (CBM)
One-minute assessment in which a student reads a grade-level text
aloud. Test supervisor notes errors the reader doesn't self-correct
and the number of words read correctly.
◉ phonological awareness. Answer: the understanding of the
sounds within a spoken word; contributes to fluid reading skills
◉ Frustration reading level. Answer: less than 90% accuracy in
word recognition and less than 50% accuracy in comprehension,
retelling a story is illogical or incomplete and the student cannot
accurately answer questions about the text. Student is unable to
unlock meaning from a text regardless of teacher support or
strategies.
◉ orthography. Answer: the conventional spelling system of a
language
◉ cultural load. Answer: concerned with how the relationship
between language and culture can help or hinder learning.
COMPLETE QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS
◉ dyscalculia. Answer: disability with mathematical problems:
numerical sense, equations, identifying numbers, etc
"Defines a range of difficulties in math, such as the inability to
understand numbers' meanings, measurements, patterns,
mathematical terms and the application of mathematical principals.
Early cues include a young child's inability to group items by size or
color, recognize patterns or understand the meaning or order of
numbers."
◉ accommodations. Answer: changes in HOW students learn and
are assessed
◉ Modifications. Answer: changes in WHAT students are expected to
learn
◉ IEP section 504. Answer: NON-IEP STUDENTS--- have other
disabilities, i.e. physical, ADHD, ADD, etc.
Requires schools to supply accommodations for all students with
disabilities even if they don't have IEPs
,◉ Cerebral palsy. Answer: umbrella term that groups neurological
childhood disorders that affect muscular control; does not worsen
over time and cause is located in damaged areas of the brain that
control muscle movement
◉ response to intervention (RTI). Answer: a strategy for diagnosing
learning disabilities in which a student with an academic delay
receives research supported interventions to correct the delay. If the
interventions do not result in considerable academic improvement,
the failure to respond suggests casual learning disabilities.
◉ Obsessive Compulsive Disorder (OCD). Answer: Children and
adults with_______ typically engage in a series of highly ritualized
behaviors that are rigidly performed when they feel stressed.
Behaviors include tapping, snapping fingers, blinking, counting and
so forth.
◉ diabetic hypoglycemia. Answer: AKA insulin reaction or insulin
shock
Occurs when blood sugar falls to a very low level (failure to take
insulin or eat often enough). It is important to treat it quickly or the
diabetic could faint, in which case an injection of glucagon is
administered.
,◉ Pervasive Spectrum Disorders (PSD). Answer: Another name for
Autism Spectrum Disorders (ASD). PSD causes disabilities in
language, thought, emotion, and empathy.
◉ Tourette syndrome. Answer: Individuals with _____________________
are rarely aggressive nor are they reluctant to make eye contact or
otherwise engage others. Often coupled with OCD.
Characterized by explosive sounds (inappropriate words,
meaningless syllables), muscular twitches of the face or elsewhere in
the body and the complete inability to control the spasms.
◉ Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder. Answer: Often a myriad
of symptoms including: disorganization, easily distracted and
frustrated, defensive, immature, impulsive, often interrupts
conversations and hyperactive behaviors.
◉ Test of Silent Contextual Reading Fluency. Answer: Presents a
student with a string of words with no spaces in-between. The
student must use dashes to separate the words. E.g.,
Thesmalldogherdedthefluffysheepintothebarn.
The/small/dog/herded/the/fluffy/sheep/into/the/barn.
, The more words a student separates, the higher the silent reading
fluency score.
◉ Oral Reading Fluency assessment (ORF). Answer: AKA
Curriculum-Based Measurement (CBM)
One-minute assessment in which a student reads a grade-level text
aloud. Test supervisor notes errors the reader doesn't self-correct
and the number of words read correctly.
◉ phonological awareness. Answer: the understanding of the
sounds within a spoken word; contributes to fluid reading skills
◉ Frustration reading level. Answer: less than 90% accuracy in
word recognition and less than 50% accuracy in comprehension,
retelling a story is illogical or incomplete and the student cannot
accurately answer questions about the text. Student is unable to
unlock meaning from a text regardless of teacher support or
strategies.
◉ orthography. Answer: the conventional spelling system of a
language
◉ cultural load. Answer: concerned with how the relationship
between language and culture can help or hinder learning.
