MGSC 300 FINAL EXAM QUESTIONS ANSWERED CORRECTLY LATEST UPDATE 2026
Data/Information/Knowledge/Wisdom hierarchy - Answers A framework that categorizes data into
four levels: raw data, processed information, contextual knowledge, and actionable wisdom.
3 main areas of data analytics - Answers Descriptive analytics (what happened), predictive analytics
(what could happen), and prescriptive analytics (what should happen).
Big/Unstructured Data - Answers Large volumes of data that do not have a predefined data model,
making them difficult to analyze using traditional data processing tools.
Search Engine Optimization (SEO) - Answers The practice of enhancing a website's visibility on search
engines to increase organic traffic.
Sources of data deficiencies - Answers Factors that lead to incomplete, inaccurate, or outdated data,
such as human error, system limitations, and data silos.
Pay Per Click (PPC) marketing metrics - Answers Key performance indicators in PPC advertising,
including Return on Ad Spend (RoAS), Click-through rate (CTR), Conversion rate, and Cost of Customer
Acquisition (CoCA).
Benefits of cloud computing - Answers Advantages include scalability, cost efficiency, accessibility,
and disaster recovery.
Basic components of an information system - Answers Hardware, software, data, procedures, and
people that work together to collect, process, store, and disseminate information.
Digital demography - Answers The study of populations based on their digital engagement, including
digital immigrants (those who adopted technology later in life), natives (those born into the digital
age), and dependents (those reliant on digital technology).
Online Real Time Processing (OLTP) vs. Batch - Answers OLTP processes transactions immediately,
while batch processing collects data over time and processes it all at once.
Search Engine types - Answers Crawler/spider search engines index web pages, while semantic search
engines understand user intent and context.
Private/public cloud differences - Answers Private clouds are dedicated to a single organization, while
public clouds are shared among multiple users and managed by third-party providers.
Basic search types - Answers Informational (seeking knowledge), navigational (finding a specific site),
transactional (aiming to make a purchase), and mobile searches (optimized for mobile devices).
Cloud Services - Answers Includes Hardware as a Service (HaaS), Platform as a Service (PaaS),
Software as a Service (SaaS), and Data as a Service (DaaS).
Components of the web search process - Answers Includes crawling, indexing, and retrieving relevant
information based on user queries.
Software Defined Data Center (SDDC) - Answers A data center where all infrastructure is virtualized
and delivered as a service, managed by software.
Hacking Concerns - Answers Includes Advanced Persistent Threats (APTs), Distributed Denial of
Service (DDoS) attacks, phishing, and malware.
Virtualization/Virtual Machines - Answers The creation of virtual versions of physical hardware,
allowing multiple operating systems to run on a single physical machine.
Black/Gray/White Hat Hackers - Answers Black hat hackers exploit systems for malicious purposes,
gray hat hackers operate between ethical and unethical boundaries, and white hat hackers are ethical
hackers who help secure systems.
Wireless communications - Answers Technologies enabling wireless data transfer, including
Bluetooth, Near Field Communication (NFC), and Wi-Fi.
Considerations around BYOD - Answers Bring Your Own Device (BYOD) policies must address security,
data privacy, and employee productivity.
Functions of a database management System (DBMS) - Answers Includes data storage, retrieval,
manipulation, and administration of databases.
Social Engineering - Answers Manipulative tactics used to trick individuals into divulging confidential
information.
Bits/Bytes - Answers Bits are the smallest unit of data in computing, while bytes are composed of 8
bits and represent a single character of data.
Cybersecurity risks - Answers Potential threats to information security, including data breaches,
malware, and insider threats.
Diminishing Data Value and the 90/90 data use rule - Answers The concept that 90% of data becomes
obsolete within 90 days of its creation.
Data/Information/Knowledge/Wisdom hierarchy - Answers A framework that categorizes data into
four levels: raw data, processed information, contextual knowledge, and actionable wisdom.
3 main areas of data analytics - Answers Descriptive analytics (what happened), predictive analytics
(what could happen), and prescriptive analytics (what should happen).
Big/Unstructured Data - Answers Large volumes of data that do not have a predefined data model,
making them difficult to analyze using traditional data processing tools.
Search Engine Optimization (SEO) - Answers The practice of enhancing a website's visibility on search
engines to increase organic traffic.
Sources of data deficiencies - Answers Factors that lead to incomplete, inaccurate, or outdated data,
such as human error, system limitations, and data silos.
Pay Per Click (PPC) marketing metrics - Answers Key performance indicators in PPC advertising,
including Return on Ad Spend (RoAS), Click-through rate (CTR), Conversion rate, and Cost of Customer
Acquisition (CoCA).
Benefits of cloud computing - Answers Advantages include scalability, cost efficiency, accessibility,
and disaster recovery.
Basic components of an information system - Answers Hardware, software, data, procedures, and
people that work together to collect, process, store, and disseminate information.
Digital demography - Answers The study of populations based on their digital engagement, including
digital immigrants (those who adopted technology later in life), natives (those born into the digital
age), and dependents (those reliant on digital technology).
Online Real Time Processing (OLTP) vs. Batch - Answers OLTP processes transactions immediately,
while batch processing collects data over time and processes it all at once.
Search Engine types - Answers Crawler/spider search engines index web pages, while semantic search
engines understand user intent and context.
Private/public cloud differences - Answers Private clouds are dedicated to a single organization, while
public clouds are shared among multiple users and managed by third-party providers.
Basic search types - Answers Informational (seeking knowledge), navigational (finding a specific site),
transactional (aiming to make a purchase), and mobile searches (optimized for mobile devices).
Cloud Services - Answers Includes Hardware as a Service (HaaS), Platform as a Service (PaaS),
Software as a Service (SaaS), and Data as a Service (DaaS).
Components of the web search process - Answers Includes crawling, indexing, and retrieving relevant
information based on user queries.
Software Defined Data Center (SDDC) - Answers A data center where all infrastructure is virtualized
and delivered as a service, managed by software.
Hacking Concerns - Answers Includes Advanced Persistent Threats (APTs), Distributed Denial of
Service (DDoS) attacks, phishing, and malware.
Virtualization/Virtual Machines - Answers The creation of virtual versions of physical hardware,
allowing multiple operating systems to run on a single physical machine.
Black/Gray/White Hat Hackers - Answers Black hat hackers exploit systems for malicious purposes,
gray hat hackers operate between ethical and unethical boundaries, and white hat hackers are ethical
hackers who help secure systems.
Wireless communications - Answers Technologies enabling wireless data transfer, including
Bluetooth, Near Field Communication (NFC), and Wi-Fi.
Considerations around BYOD - Answers Bring Your Own Device (BYOD) policies must address security,
data privacy, and employee productivity.
Functions of a database management System (DBMS) - Answers Includes data storage, retrieval,
manipulation, and administration of databases.
Social Engineering - Answers Manipulative tactics used to trick individuals into divulging confidential
information.
Bits/Bytes - Answers Bits are the smallest unit of data in computing, while bytes are composed of 8
bits and represent a single character of data.
Cybersecurity risks - Answers Potential threats to information security, including data breaches,
malware, and insider threats.
Diminishing Data Value and the 90/90 data use rule - Answers The concept that 90% of data becomes
obsolete within 90 days of its creation.
