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conjugate acid - ANSWER base after accepting H+
conjugate base - ANSWER acid after losing H+
exothermic - ANSWER heat is product
endothermic - ANSWER heat is reactant
strong acids - ANSWER HCL, HBr, HI, HNO3
strong bases - ANSWER NaOH, KOH, Ca(OH)2, LiOH
weak acids - ANSWER carboxylic acids
weak bases - ANSWER amines
Ka, Kb - ANSWER acid, base
,Kc - ANSWER in solution
Kp - ANSWER gases
Ks - ANSWER solubility
solid - ANSWER Definite shape and volume
Crystaline solid - ANSWER A solid that is made up of crystals in which particles
are arranged in a regular, repeating pattern
amorphous solid - ANSWER lacks an ordered internal structure
liquid - ANSWER A state of matter that has no definite shape but has a definite
volume. - packed closely and able to move
gas - ANSWER a form of matter that does not have a definite volume or shape -
freely move
heat: - ANSWER solid ---> liquid ---> gas
cold: - ANSWER gas ---> liquid ---> solid
pure substances: - ANSWER element and compound
element - ANSWER A pure substance made of only one kind of atom
- cant be broken down
,- building block of matter
- allotropes
compound - ANSWER A substance made up of atoms of two or more different
elements
- definite fixed proportions
- can be broken down
- chemically reactive
- combine with other elements to form compounds
mixtures: - ANSWER homogenous and heterogenous
homogenous mixtures - ANSWER mixtures that look the same throughout.
- atoms and molecules uniform
two types (solution and alloy)
solution - ANSWER solvent + solute
alloy - ANSWER metal + metal or metal + non metal
heterogenous mixture: - ANSWER composition varies from one region to another
- multiple substances, not uniform
2 types (colloid and suspension)
colloid - ANSWER A mixture containing small, undissolved particles that do not
settle out.
, examples:
- aerosol
- foam
- emulsion
suspension - ANSWER A mixture in which particles can be seen and easily
separated by settling or filtration
procedures used to separate mixtures: - ANSWER - decantation
- filtration
- distillation
filtration - ANSWER A process that separates materials based on the size of their
particles.
distillation - ANSWER A process that separates the substances in a solution based
on their boiling points
physical changes - ANSWER alters physical properties without changing the
substance; can be reversed
chemical changes - ANSWER changes that alter the composition of matter
- chemical reaction occurs
what indicates a chemical reaction? - ANSWER - formation of precipitate
- gas evolution
- production of thermal energy