NUR 1390 - FINAL EXAM QUESTIONS ANSWERED CORRECTLY LATEST UPDATE 2026

NUR 1390 - FINAL EXAM QUESTIONS ANSWERED CORRECTLY LATEST UPDATE 2026 MODELS OF HEALTHCARE - Answers CLINICAL: absence of disease, prevention not emphasized ADAPTIVE: ability to adapt positively to change (social, mental, physiologic) ROLE PERFORMANCE: health based on whether person can perform societal roles (occupational health evals, school physicals, medically excused absences) EUDAIMONISTIC: optimal health, comprehensive health needs, encompass more people and diverse life circumstances LEVELS OF PREVENTION - Answers 1. PRIMORDIAL - policy level protection, occurs at national/state/community levels 2. PRIMARY - health promotion and specific protection (vaccines) 3. SECONDARY - early diagnosis, prompt treatment, disability limitation 4. TERTIARY - restoration and rehabilitation PROFESSIONAL ROLES NURSE - Answers - advocate (protect patients rights) - care manager (coordinates care) - consultant (gives expert advice) - deliverer of services (performs nursing care) - educator (teaches) - healer (promotes healing and comfort) - researcher (uses evidence to improve care) TYPES OF RESEARCH - Answers QUANTITATIVE: measure, test, quantify variables QUALITATIVE: describe phenomenon or define historical, cultural, or philosophical nature of care APPLIED: focus is to directly affect clinical practice EVIDENCE BASED PRACTICE - Answers searching for best evidence to answer clinical research questions 11 FUNCTIONAL HEALTH PATTERNS - Answers 1. Health perception/management 2. Nutritional-Metabolic 3. Elimination 4. Activity-Exercise 5. Sleep-rest 6. Cognitive-perceptual 7. Self-perception/concept 8. Role-relationship 9. Sexuality-reproductive 10. Coping/Stress tolerance 11. Value-Belief HEALTH PATTERNS & DEVELOPMENTAL STAGES - Answers Infants: nutrition, sleep, bonding important Toddlers: elimination/toilet training School-age: activity and learning Adolescents: self-concept and sexuality Adults: role relationships and stress Older adults: cognition and coping INFANT SAFETY - Answers - back to sleep to prevent SIDS - rear-facing car seats - avoid choking hazards - never leave unintended TODDLER SAFETY - Answers - childproof home - lock medications/cleaners - supervise near water - prevent falls and burns METHOD OF TREATING URINARY INCONTINENCE IN OLDER ADULTS - Answers - kegel exercises - scheduled toileting - bladder training - limit caffeine - adequate hydration - medications if prescribed - surgery in severe cases NURSING PROCESS - Answers 1. Assessment (collect, validate, organize data) 2. Diagnosis (identify problem) 3. Identification (set goals) 4. Planning (create interventions) 5. Implementation (carry out care) 6. Evaluation (determine effectiveness) EXAMPLES OF ERIKSON'S INTEGRITY VS DESPAIR - Answers INTEGRITY: feels satisfied with life, accepts aging, feels wisdom and fulfillment (ex. older adult reflects proudly on accomplishments) DESPAIR: regrets life choices, fear of death, feels hopeless (ex. my life had no meaning) SEXUALITY PATTERNS: MIDDLE AGE & OLDER ADULTS - Answers MIDDLE AGE: menopause changes, possible decreased fertility, continued intimacy important OLDER ADULTS: sexuality still important, STI/HIV risk exists, may need lubrication or ED treatment HOW TO HELP OLDER ADULTS WITH CONSTIPATION - Answers - increase fiber and fluids - encourage exercise - establish toileting routine - stool softeners if needed LEADING CAUSES OF DEATH - Answers accidents, heart disease, cancer, stroke, chronic lower respiratory disease WHO IS AT RISK FOR OSTEOPOROSIS AND VISUAL IMPAIRMENT? - Answers OSTEOPOROSIS: older, postmenopausal women, thin body frame, smokers, low calcium intake VISUAL: older adults, diabetes, hypertension, smoking TOBACCO - Answers the leading cause of preventive death or disability EXAMPLES FOR EACH STAGE OF DEVELOPMENT - Answers TRUST VS MISTRUST - infant trusts caregiver AUTONOMY VS SHAME - toddler feeds self INITIATIVE VS GUILT - preschooler explores independently INDUSTRY VS INFERIORITY - school-age child completes school tasks IDENTITY VS ROLE CONFUSION - teen develops identity INTIMACY VS ISOLATION - young adult forms relationships GENERATIVITY VS STAGNATION - middle adult mentors others INTEGRITY VS DESPAIR - older adult accepts life HPV - Answers - vaccine given at age 9 - prevents cervical cancer, genital warts, other cancers SUBJECTIVE VS OBJECTIVE - Answers Subjective (Feelings) Objective (Facts) TYPES OF ASSESSMENTS - Answers 1. INITIAL/COMPREHENSIVE - full health history 2. FOCUSED - specific problem 3. EMERGENCY - life-threatening issues 4. ONGOING - follow-up assessment SCHOOL AGE CHILDREN - Answers bed wetting (ages 5-7), dietary influences SLEEP PATTERNS IN DEVELOPMENTAL STAGES - Answers INFANT: 14-17 hours TODDLER: 11-14 hours PRESCHOOL: 10-13 hours SCHOOL AGE: 9-12 hours ADOLESCENT: 8-10 hours ADULT: 7-9 hours OLDER: 5-7 hours, less deep sleep, frequent awakenings THINGS THAT INTERFERE WITH SUCCESSFUL CARE - Answers - poor communication - low health literacy - cultural/language barriers - financial issues - family stress - noncompliance - lack of support HEALTH LITERACY - Answers ability to obtain, understand, and use health information FAMILY MAKE UP - Answers extended family includes relatives grandparents, aunts/uncles, cousins