Rasmussen Pharmacology Exam 3
Elaborate Study Questions with
100% Correct Answers | Latest
Edition
1. ADVAIR (Glucocorticoid-Long-Acting Beta2-Agonist Combination) -
ANSWER Effects:
Has immune suppression effects
s Albuterol/ipratropium (DuoNeb) - Emergency treatment of Asthma and
COPD Exacerbation
Effects:
*Optimizes bronchodilation by stimulating adrenergic receptors and by
blocking cholinergic receptors
Education:
*Beta2 Agonist primarily affect the bronchioles
*Anticholinergics primarily affect the bronchi
2. Alpha 1 Blockers (DOXAZOSIN, TERAZOSIN)
(Drugs that affect the brainstem) Prevent stimulation of alpha1 receptors on
arterioles and veins, thereby preventing sympathetically mediated
vasoconstriction - ANSWER Effects:
*Causes Vasodilation
,*Reduced peripheral resistance
*Reduced venous return to the heart
Side effects:
· Orthostatic hypotension - change positions slowly
· First-dose hypotension
· Does not affect glucose levels
· Does not affect respiratory function
Not first-line drugs for HTN
3. Alpha/Beta Blockers (CARVEDILOL, LABETALOL) - ANSWER Effects:
*Alpha blockade promotes vasodilatation
*Beta blockage reduces heart rate and contractility, suppress renin
*Reduces peripheral vascular resistance
Side effects:
· Hypotension
· Bradycardia
Can exacerbate asthma
4. ACE Inhibitors end in -PRIL
Captopril
Enalapril
Lisinopril
Ramipril
Benazepril - ANSWER Effects:
,*Prevention of angiotensin I (weaker vasoconstrictor) from being converted to
angiotensin II (potent vasoconstrictor)
*Prevent the release of aldosterone - leading to the prevention of
vasoconstriction and the excretion of sodium and water.
Side effects:
· Dry, hacking cough (Can be replaced with ARB)
· First dose hypotension
· Hyperkalemia
· Angioedema (lip, eyes, tongue)
Renal failure
5. Angiotensin II Receptor Blockers (ARBs) end in -SARTAN
(Blocks the actions of angiotensin II from receptors found at many tissue sites
(very similar to ACE inhibitors)
s Losatran
s Olmesartan
s Valsartsn - ANSWER Effects:
*Cause vasodilation and decrease peripheral vascular resistance
*Inhibits aldosterone, producing diuretic-type effects
*Works to treat HTN, heart failure, diabetic nephropathy, MI, and prevention of
cardiovascular events
Education:
*Can be taken alone or in combination with diuretics
*Does not cause ACE cough
*Should not be used in pregnancy
, Side effects:
*Orthostatic hypotension*Renal failure*Hyperkalemia*Angioedema
6. ALTEPLASE tPA (Activase) IV (Thrombolytics) - ANSWER Effects:
*Tissue-type plasminogen activator
*5 minute half-life
*80% of medication is gone from the body 10 minute after infusion stopped
*Larger doses could lead to intracranial hemorrhage.
Reversal agent: aminocaproic acid
7. ASPIRIN (Antiplatelet Drugs - Suppresses platelet aggregation by causing
irreversible inhibition of cyclooxygenase (an enzyme required by platelets to
synthesize TXA2). - ANSWER Effects:
*Reduce death risk in stroke, MI and sudden death, vascular mortality
*Prevent reocclusion of artery stenting
*Prevent MI
*A single dose of aspirin can last 7-10 days because of the irreversibility of
action.
Side effects:
• Hemorrhagic stroke
• GI bleed
APIXABAN (Anticoagulants: XA Inhibitors) - ANSWER Effects:
Elaborate Study Questions with
100% Correct Answers | Latest
Edition
1. ADVAIR (Glucocorticoid-Long-Acting Beta2-Agonist Combination) -
ANSWER Effects:
Has immune suppression effects
s Albuterol/ipratropium (DuoNeb) - Emergency treatment of Asthma and
COPD Exacerbation
Effects:
*Optimizes bronchodilation by stimulating adrenergic receptors and by
blocking cholinergic receptors
Education:
*Beta2 Agonist primarily affect the bronchioles
*Anticholinergics primarily affect the bronchi
2. Alpha 1 Blockers (DOXAZOSIN, TERAZOSIN)
(Drugs that affect the brainstem) Prevent stimulation of alpha1 receptors on
arterioles and veins, thereby preventing sympathetically mediated
vasoconstriction - ANSWER Effects:
*Causes Vasodilation
,*Reduced peripheral resistance
*Reduced venous return to the heart
Side effects:
· Orthostatic hypotension - change positions slowly
· First-dose hypotension
· Does not affect glucose levels
· Does not affect respiratory function
Not first-line drugs for HTN
3. Alpha/Beta Blockers (CARVEDILOL, LABETALOL) - ANSWER Effects:
*Alpha blockade promotes vasodilatation
*Beta blockage reduces heart rate and contractility, suppress renin
*Reduces peripheral vascular resistance
Side effects:
· Hypotension
· Bradycardia
Can exacerbate asthma
4. ACE Inhibitors end in -PRIL
Captopril
Enalapril
Lisinopril
Ramipril
Benazepril - ANSWER Effects:
,*Prevention of angiotensin I (weaker vasoconstrictor) from being converted to
angiotensin II (potent vasoconstrictor)
*Prevent the release of aldosterone - leading to the prevention of
vasoconstriction and the excretion of sodium and water.
Side effects:
· Dry, hacking cough (Can be replaced with ARB)
· First dose hypotension
· Hyperkalemia
· Angioedema (lip, eyes, tongue)
Renal failure
5. Angiotensin II Receptor Blockers (ARBs) end in -SARTAN
(Blocks the actions of angiotensin II from receptors found at many tissue sites
(very similar to ACE inhibitors)
s Losatran
s Olmesartan
s Valsartsn - ANSWER Effects:
*Cause vasodilation and decrease peripheral vascular resistance
*Inhibits aldosterone, producing diuretic-type effects
*Works to treat HTN, heart failure, diabetic nephropathy, MI, and prevention of
cardiovascular events
Education:
*Can be taken alone or in combination with diuretics
*Does not cause ACE cough
*Should not be used in pregnancy
, Side effects:
*Orthostatic hypotension*Renal failure*Hyperkalemia*Angioedema
6. ALTEPLASE tPA (Activase) IV (Thrombolytics) - ANSWER Effects:
*Tissue-type plasminogen activator
*5 minute half-life
*80% of medication is gone from the body 10 minute after infusion stopped
*Larger doses could lead to intracranial hemorrhage.
Reversal agent: aminocaproic acid
7. ASPIRIN (Antiplatelet Drugs - Suppresses platelet aggregation by causing
irreversible inhibition of cyclooxygenase (an enzyme required by platelets to
synthesize TXA2). - ANSWER Effects:
*Reduce death risk in stroke, MI and sudden death, vascular mortality
*Prevent reocclusion of artery stenting
*Prevent MI
*A single dose of aspirin can last 7-10 days because of the irreversibility of
action.
Side effects:
• Hemorrhagic stroke
• GI bleed
APIXABAN (Anticoagulants: XA Inhibitors) - ANSWER Effects:
