NURl 257/l NUR257l Examl 1l –l Conceptsl
ofl Agingl andl Chronicl Illnessl inl Nursingl
Guide|l Galenl (Latestl 2026/l 2027l Update)l
100%l Verifiedl Questionsl &l Answersl |l
Gradel A
Q:l Skinl changes
Answer:
epidermisl thins,l fewerl melanocytesl (lighterl skinl color),l agel spots,l liverl spots
dermisl losesl aboutl 20%l ofl itsl thickness
Q:l musculoskeletall changes
Answer:
reducedl bodyl water-->l increasedl riskl forl dehydration
reducedl musclel mass,l bonel minerall densityl
dryerl ligaments,l tendonsl andl joints
vertebrall disksl thin
Q:l cardiovascularl changes
,Answer:
stiffeningl andl thickeningl ofl thel heartl tissue
decreasedl elasticityl ofl thel arteriall walls
Q:l respiratoryl changes
Answer:
almostl alwaysl thel resultl ofl exposurel tol environmentall toxins...ratherl thanl thel agingl
processl
thel effectivenessl ofl coughl responsel isl reduced
riskl forl infections/aspiration
Q:l renall changes
Answer:
regulatesl waterl andl saltl concentrationsl inl ourl bodyl andl acidl balancel inl ourl bloodl
sizel andl functionl ofl thel kidneyl decrease
kidneyl bloodl flowl decreases
urinel creatninel clearancel decreasesl -->l thel timel isl takesl tol clearl outl doubles.l Don'tl
wantl tol seel itl abovel 1.l
bel morel consciousl ofl medicationl dosages
Q:l endocrinel changes
, Answer:
glandsl shrink
thel ratel ofl secretionl decreases
increasedl insulinl resistancel
ratesl ofl hyperthyroidisml andl typel 2l diabetesl arel higher.l
chronicl pancreatitis-->l supplementall pancreaticl enzymesl withl meals
changesl tol thel thyroidl glandl canl affectl thyroid-stimulatingl hormonel secretion-->l canl
leadl tol hyperthyroidism
Q:l Mouth
Answer:
wearl andl tearl ofl teeth,l gumsl recede
thisl canl leadl tol notl wantingl tol eatl -->l weightl loss/anorexia
tastel budsl declinel inl number
dryl mouth
Q:l esophagus
Answer:
sluggishl andl erraticl movementl ofl musclesl -->l digestivel problems
ofl Agingl andl Chronicl Illnessl inl Nursingl
Guide|l Galenl (Latestl 2026/l 2027l Update)l
100%l Verifiedl Questionsl &l Answersl |l
Gradel A
Q:l Skinl changes
Answer:
epidermisl thins,l fewerl melanocytesl (lighterl skinl color),l agel spots,l liverl spots
dermisl losesl aboutl 20%l ofl itsl thickness
Q:l musculoskeletall changes
Answer:
reducedl bodyl water-->l increasedl riskl forl dehydration
reducedl musclel mass,l bonel minerall densityl
dryerl ligaments,l tendonsl andl joints
vertebrall disksl thin
Q:l cardiovascularl changes
,Answer:
stiffeningl andl thickeningl ofl thel heartl tissue
decreasedl elasticityl ofl thel arteriall walls
Q:l respiratoryl changes
Answer:
almostl alwaysl thel resultl ofl exposurel tol environmentall toxins...ratherl thanl thel agingl
processl
thel effectivenessl ofl coughl responsel isl reduced
riskl forl infections/aspiration
Q:l renall changes
Answer:
regulatesl waterl andl saltl concentrationsl inl ourl bodyl andl acidl balancel inl ourl bloodl
sizel andl functionl ofl thel kidneyl decrease
kidneyl bloodl flowl decreases
urinel creatninel clearancel decreasesl -->l thel timel isl takesl tol clearl outl doubles.l Don'tl
wantl tol seel itl abovel 1.l
bel morel consciousl ofl medicationl dosages
Q:l endocrinel changes
, Answer:
glandsl shrink
thel ratel ofl secretionl decreases
increasedl insulinl resistancel
ratesl ofl hyperthyroidisml andl typel 2l diabetesl arel higher.l
chronicl pancreatitis-->l supplementall pancreaticl enzymesl withl meals
changesl tol thel thyroidl glandl canl affectl thyroid-stimulatingl hormonel secretion-->l canl
leadl tol hyperthyroidism
Q:l Mouth
Answer:
wearl andl tearl ofl teeth,l gumsl recede
thisl canl leadl tol notl wantingl tol eatl -->l weightl loss/anorexia
tastel budsl declinel inl number
dryl mouth
Q:l esophagus
Answer:
sluggishl andl erraticl movementl ofl musclesl -->l digestivel problems
