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What is functional incontinence?
•occurs due to Delirium, fecal impaction, lack of manual dexterity, or decreased
mobility and taking the following medications: diuretics, hypnotics, alcohol,
narcotics, decongestants
What is stress incontinence?
occurs due to history of vaginal deliveries, urine leakage with cough or sneezing
What is done during an urinary incontinence work-up?
A urinalysis and urine culture and sensitivity should be done, as well as
measurements of serum electrolytes, blood urea nitrogen, creatinine, calcium (for
polyuria in the absence of diuretics), and glucose.
**Catheterization to assess post-void residual volume is important even on
initial evaluation of the patient.
Differentiate overactive bladder from urinary incontinence
•OAB is a syndrome of symptoms that include urgency, frequency, and nocturia,
all of which are associated with involuntary contractions of the detrusor muscle;
more common in women
•Urge incontinence is the sudden intense urge to urinate and an involuntary loss
of urine
How a lower UTI diagnosed?
made based on the subjective complaints of the patient and a clean-catch
midstream urine sample showing the presence of bacteria, especially if more than
100,000 organisms/mL
, •In elderly patients, ________ _________ _________ may be the sole
manifestation of UTI and should create a high level of suspicion.
altered mental status
Aside from a urine culture (gold standard) with the greatest sensitivity for lab
confirmation of a UTI, what is also helpful and provides rapid results in the
primary care setting?
urinalysis with microscopy
What is pyridium used for?
relief of pain, burning, urgency, and frequency from UTI.
What is priapism and how is it treated?
•A prolonged erection of the penis, usually without sexual arousal
•Phenylephrine (Neo-Synephrine) is the drug of choice for first-line treatment of
low-flow priapism because the drug has almost pure alpha-agonist effects and
minimal beta activity.
What is phimosis and who does it occur in?
•Is an unusually long foreskin or a foreskin that cannot be retracted over the glans
penis during physical examination
•It occurs in uncircumcised males and is normal in infancy.
•In anyone older than infancy, refer to urologist
What is hypospadias and who is it common in?
•Condition where the opening of the penis is on the underside of the organ.
•Is more common in infants with a family history of hypospadias.
Can a circumcision be done on a newborn with hypospadias?