NURSING GNUR 293 - Exam 1 Study Guide

NURSING GNUR 293 - Exam 1 Study Guide/NURSING GNUR 293 - Exam 1 Study Guide. Pathophysiology Module 1: Cellular Response to Injury Three ways cells respond to injury: adapt and change structure/function, withstand and return to normal (reversible injury), or die (necrosis, apoptosis) Adaptive cellular responses: atrophy, hypertrophy, hyperplasia, metaplasia, dysplasia Atrophy – shrinking of cell SIZE; can be physiological or pathologic; general causes are disuse, denervation, ischemia, nutrient starvation, interruption of endocrine signals, persistent cell injury o Physiologic – uterine cells atrophy after menopause o Pathologic – having a cast on after injury (disuse atrophy) Hypertrophy – increase of cell SIZE/MASS due to increased demand or hormonal stimulation; can be physiologic or pathologic o Physiologic: lift weights for exercise biceps enlarge o Pathologic : hypertension causes the heart to work harder, thus causing hypertrophy of the cardiac muscle Hyperplasia – increase in cell NUMBER due to increase in mitotic cell division; mostly due to physiologic demands or hormonal stimulation; also caused by persistent cell injury or chronic irritation of epithelial cells