Factors that limit population size - ANSWER disease, war, famine, migration, high infant
mortality, cultural factors (late marriage) etc.
Carrying Capacity - ANSWER number of organisms in a given species that can be sup-
ported indefinitely
Malthus - ANSWER Wrote "An Essay on the Principle of Population" 1798
-predicts population (exponential growth) will outgrow food supply (steady growth)--envi-
ronmental degradation
Demography - ANSWER -The scientific study of population ecology to the study of hu-
mans
-Vital statistics: population size, structure, sex, age, BR, DR, migration
Crude Birth Rate - ANSWER number of births per year for every 1,000 people
Crude Death Rate - ANSWER number of deaths per year for every 1,000 people
Marx - ANSWER Argues population growth results from poverty and resource depletion
Zero Population Growth - ANSWER occurs when birth rate and death rate are equal/sta-
ble
Total Fertility Rate (TFR) - ANSWER estimated average number of children a woman pro-
duces in her child bearing years
1
, Replacement Fertility Rate - ANSWER number of offspring a couple produces to replace
themselves
Natural Growth Rate - ANSWER the difference between the crude birthrate and crude
death rate (BR - DR)
Factors that affect life expectancy. - ANSWER -age
-healthcare/technology
-nutritious food
-better sanitation
-awareness/availability of resources (health care)
Dependency Ratio - ANSWER -number of non-working compared to working individuals
in a population
-US concern: not enough incoming working class to replace retired
Poverty & Population Growth factors - ANSWER -higher poverty levels equate to higher
population growth
-economic development allows for population control (education in family planning & access
to resources)
Empowering women - ANSWER -education plays vital role in giving women the power to
make decisions regarding their lives and reproductive behavior.
-women make up 70% of poor and 64% of illiterate individuals in world population
Demographic Transition - ANSWER -model of economic and cultural change to explain
decline BR & DR in industrializing nations
-need for large families lessens with mortality
2
mortality, cultural factors (late marriage) etc.
Carrying Capacity - ANSWER number of organisms in a given species that can be sup-
ported indefinitely
Malthus - ANSWER Wrote "An Essay on the Principle of Population" 1798
-predicts population (exponential growth) will outgrow food supply (steady growth)--envi-
ronmental degradation
Demography - ANSWER -The scientific study of population ecology to the study of hu-
mans
-Vital statistics: population size, structure, sex, age, BR, DR, migration
Crude Birth Rate - ANSWER number of births per year for every 1,000 people
Crude Death Rate - ANSWER number of deaths per year for every 1,000 people
Marx - ANSWER Argues population growth results from poverty and resource depletion
Zero Population Growth - ANSWER occurs when birth rate and death rate are equal/sta-
ble
Total Fertility Rate (TFR) - ANSWER estimated average number of children a woman pro-
duces in her child bearing years
1
, Replacement Fertility Rate - ANSWER number of offspring a couple produces to replace
themselves
Natural Growth Rate - ANSWER the difference between the crude birthrate and crude
death rate (BR - DR)
Factors that affect life expectancy. - ANSWER -age
-healthcare/technology
-nutritious food
-better sanitation
-awareness/availability of resources (health care)
Dependency Ratio - ANSWER -number of non-working compared to working individuals
in a population
-US concern: not enough incoming working class to replace retired
Poverty & Population Growth factors - ANSWER -higher poverty levels equate to higher
population growth
-economic development allows for population control (education in family planning & access
to resources)
Empowering women - ANSWER -education plays vital role in giving women the power to
make decisions regarding their lives and reproductive behavior.
-women make up 70% of poor and 64% of illiterate individuals in world population
Demographic Transition - ANSWER -model of economic and cultural change to explain
decline BR & DR in industrializing nations
-need for large families lessens with mortality
2
