AP Biology Midterm
✅✅
Water molecules are polar, having partially positive and partially negative
ends. - -Which of the following best describes what causes water
molecules to exhibit properties such as cohesive and adhesive behavior?
✅✅
The pH of water is neutral; it is higher than the pH of acids and lower than
the pH of bases. - -Which statement correctly compares the pH of
water to that of other substances?
A hydrogen bond - ✅✅ -The slight negative charge at one end of one
water molecule is attracted to the slight positive charge of another water
molecule. What is this attraction called?
The positive and negative charges of the water molecule pull on the
✅✅
negative and positive ends of the ionic molecule to break them apart. -
-Which of the following best explains how water is able to dissolve
ionic substances?
✅✅
The expansion of excess water as it turns to ice inside the cells would
break the cells apart. - -During winter's freezing temperatures, some
plants can remove water from their cells to reduce the amount of water that
will freeze inside them. Why would plants need to do this?
✅✅
The density of water depends on its temperature, unlike other substances. -
-Which of the following best describes how the density of water differs
from that of other substances?
bond with other carbon atoms to form long chains - ✅✅-Carbon atoms
are able to
They can form up to four covalent bonds. - ✅✅-What is true of carbon
atoms?
✅✅-Carbon atoms can form
four single covalent bonds -
These crops have root nodules that contain bacteria. - ✅✅-Why should
farmers plant crops that improve the levels of nitrogen in the soil during the
winter?
Nitrogen cycle - ✅✅ -Bacteria in the soil convert ammonia into a form that
can be reabsorbed by a plant. Which geochemical cycle does this
sequence describe?
✅✅
Bacteria are responsible for fixing nitrogen into usable forms for other
organisms. - -Why are bacteria an essential part of the nitrogen
cycle?
,✅✅
Proteins, carbohydrates, and nucleic acids are all polymers. -
-Carbohydrates are polymers composed of linked monosaccharides.
Which of the following is a true statement about polymers?
Spontaneous glycosidic links - ✅✅-What process links monomers of
carbohydrates?
Carbonyl and hydroxyl groups - ✅✅-What are the functional units of a
monosaccharide?
Determine whether water is formed. - ✅✅ -Suppose you have an
unknown chemical reaction involving carbohydrates. What is one way to
test whether the reaction is dehydration synthesis or hydrolysis reaction?
Energy storage, cell structure, signaling - ✅✅ -Which of the following
correctly lists the functions lipids serve in the body?
Cell walls of plants would no longer maintain their rigid form. - ✅✅ -One of
the properties of cellulose is that it is not soluble in water. What would
happen if cellulose was water-soluble?
It retains and transmits important biological information. - ✅✅ -Why is the
sequence of nucleotides important to the properties of a nucleic acid?
✅✅
It determines how the biochemical folds into a three-dimensional structure.
- -Why is the sequence of amino acids important to the properties of a
protein and determination of the protein produced?
It stores energy and provides structural support for cells. - ✅✅
-Why is the
sequence of monosaccharides important to the properties of a
carbohydrate?
✅✅
Deoxyribose and phosphate, linked by phosphodiester bonds, form
repeating units to make up the backbone of DNA. - -How do
components of a DNA molecule influence its physical properties?
✅✅
Base pairing occurs within an RNA molecule to give RNA the
three-dimensional shape needed for specific functions. - -How do
RNA's subcomponents affect its properties?
✅✅
The nitrogenous base sequence along a segment of DNA determines the
amino acid sequence that will be produced. - -What is the relationship
between the sequence of DNA's subcomponents and the properties of
DNA?
, Golgi Apparatus - ✅✅ -Which of the following organelles contributes to
cell functions by processing proteins?
Chloroplast - ✅✅ -Which of the following organelles helps to carry out the
light-dependent reactions?
Smooth endoplasmic reticulum - ✅✅ -Which of the following organelles is
responsible for detoxifying poisons in a cell?
✅✅
They will synthesize proteins that can become components or other
organelles. - -Which of the following best describes how ribosomes
will interact with other organelles within a cell?
✅✅
The basal body is part of the organism's flagella, which use large amounts
of ATP. - -In the unicellular organism Euglena, the greatest
concentration of mitochondria is found surrounding basal bodies. Which of
the following best explains this phenomenon?
✅✅
The fusion allows enzymes contained in the lysosomes to digest the
contents of the vacuoles. - -Through electron microscopy, scientists
have observed the fusion of lysosomes with vacuoles. Which of the
following statements best explains this observation?
Electron transport takes place in the thylakoid membrane during
✅✅
photosynthesis and in the inner mitochondrial membrane during cellular
respiration. - -Which of the following best compares the role of
structural features in producing energy and in using energy in a cell?
✅✅
Chlorophyll contained in the thylakoids captures sunlight to be used in
photosynthesis. - -Which of the following best describes the activities
that occur within the chloroplast of a cell?
✅✅
The thylakoid membrane absorbs solar energy, and glycolysis occurs in the
cytosol. - -Which of the following best compares the structural
features involved in obtaining energy and in using energy in a cell?
✅✅
If the ratio increases, it will obtain nutrients and eliminate wastes more
quickly. - -Which of the following accurately describe how a change in
the surface-area-to-volume ratio of a cell would affect the rate at which it
exchanges materials with its environment through diffusion?
✅✅
If the cell's surface-area-to-volume ratio increases, it will obtain nutrients
more quickly. - -Which of the following statements correctly describes
how a change in a cell's dimensions would most likely affect how it obtains
nutrients from its surroundings through diffusion?
✅✅
Water molecules are polar, having partially positive and partially negative
ends. - -Which of the following best describes what causes water
molecules to exhibit properties such as cohesive and adhesive behavior?
✅✅
The pH of water is neutral; it is higher than the pH of acids and lower than
the pH of bases. - -Which statement correctly compares the pH of
water to that of other substances?
A hydrogen bond - ✅✅ -The slight negative charge at one end of one
water molecule is attracted to the slight positive charge of another water
molecule. What is this attraction called?
The positive and negative charges of the water molecule pull on the
✅✅
negative and positive ends of the ionic molecule to break them apart. -
-Which of the following best explains how water is able to dissolve
ionic substances?
✅✅
The expansion of excess water as it turns to ice inside the cells would
break the cells apart. - -During winter's freezing temperatures, some
plants can remove water from their cells to reduce the amount of water that
will freeze inside them. Why would plants need to do this?
✅✅
The density of water depends on its temperature, unlike other substances. -
-Which of the following best describes how the density of water differs
from that of other substances?
bond with other carbon atoms to form long chains - ✅✅-Carbon atoms
are able to
They can form up to four covalent bonds. - ✅✅-What is true of carbon
atoms?
✅✅-Carbon atoms can form
four single covalent bonds -
These crops have root nodules that contain bacteria. - ✅✅-Why should
farmers plant crops that improve the levels of nitrogen in the soil during the
winter?
Nitrogen cycle - ✅✅ -Bacteria in the soil convert ammonia into a form that
can be reabsorbed by a plant. Which geochemical cycle does this
sequence describe?
✅✅
Bacteria are responsible for fixing nitrogen into usable forms for other
organisms. - -Why are bacteria an essential part of the nitrogen
cycle?
,✅✅
Proteins, carbohydrates, and nucleic acids are all polymers. -
-Carbohydrates are polymers composed of linked monosaccharides.
Which of the following is a true statement about polymers?
Spontaneous glycosidic links - ✅✅-What process links monomers of
carbohydrates?
Carbonyl and hydroxyl groups - ✅✅-What are the functional units of a
monosaccharide?
Determine whether water is formed. - ✅✅ -Suppose you have an
unknown chemical reaction involving carbohydrates. What is one way to
test whether the reaction is dehydration synthesis or hydrolysis reaction?
Energy storage, cell structure, signaling - ✅✅ -Which of the following
correctly lists the functions lipids serve in the body?
Cell walls of plants would no longer maintain their rigid form. - ✅✅ -One of
the properties of cellulose is that it is not soluble in water. What would
happen if cellulose was water-soluble?
It retains and transmits important biological information. - ✅✅ -Why is the
sequence of nucleotides important to the properties of a nucleic acid?
✅✅
It determines how the biochemical folds into a three-dimensional structure.
- -Why is the sequence of amino acids important to the properties of a
protein and determination of the protein produced?
It stores energy and provides structural support for cells. - ✅✅
-Why is the
sequence of monosaccharides important to the properties of a
carbohydrate?
✅✅
Deoxyribose and phosphate, linked by phosphodiester bonds, form
repeating units to make up the backbone of DNA. - -How do
components of a DNA molecule influence its physical properties?
✅✅
Base pairing occurs within an RNA molecule to give RNA the
three-dimensional shape needed for specific functions. - -How do
RNA's subcomponents affect its properties?
✅✅
The nitrogenous base sequence along a segment of DNA determines the
amino acid sequence that will be produced. - -What is the relationship
between the sequence of DNA's subcomponents and the properties of
DNA?
, Golgi Apparatus - ✅✅ -Which of the following organelles contributes to
cell functions by processing proteins?
Chloroplast - ✅✅ -Which of the following organelles helps to carry out the
light-dependent reactions?
Smooth endoplasmic reticulum - ✅✅ -Which of the following organelles is
responsible for detoxifying poisons in a cell?
✅✅
They will synthesize proteins that can become components or other
organelles. - -Which of the following best describes how ribosomes
will interact with other organelles within a cell?
✅✅
The basal body is part of the organism's flagella, which use large amounts
of ATP. - -In the unicellular organism Euglena, the greatest
concentration of mitochondria is found surrounding basal bodies. Which of
the following best explains this phenomenon?
✅✅
The fusion allows enzymes contained in the lysosomes to digest the
contents of the vacuoles. - -Through electron microscopy, scientists
have observed the fusion of lysosomes with vacuoles. Which of the
following statements best explains this observation?
Electron transport takes place in the thylakoid membrane during
✅✅
photosynthesis and in the inner mitochondrial membrane during cellular
respiration. - -Which of the following best compares the role of
structural features in producing energy and in using energy in a cell?
✅✅
Chlorophyll contained in the thylakoids captures sunlight to be used in
photosynthesis. - -Which of the following best describes the activities
that occur within the chloroplast of a cell?
✅✅
The thylakoid membrane absorbs solar energy, and glycolysis occurs in the
cytosol. - -Which of the following best compares the structural
features involved in obtaining energy and in using energy in a cell?
✅✅
If the ratio increases, it will obtain nutrients and eliminate wastes more
quickly. - -Which of the following accurately describe how a change in
the surface-area-to-volume ratio of a cell would affect the rate at which it
exchanges materials with its environment through diffusion?
✅✅
If the cell's surface-area-to-volume ratio increases, it will obtain nutrients
more quickly. - -Which of the following statements correctly describes
how a change in a cell's dimensions would most likely affect how it obtains
nutrients from its surroundings through diffusion?
