NUR 2392 MULTIDIMENSIONAL CARE II EXAM 2 QUESTIONS WITH VERIFIED SOLUTIONS LATEST UPDATE 2026

NUR 2392 MULTIDIMENSIONAL CARE II EXAM 2 QUESTIONS WITH VERIFIED SOLUTIONS LATEST UPDATE 2026 Uncompensated - Answers pH and one other value is abnormal Partial compensation - Answers pH, CO2, and HCO3 are all off Full compensation - Answers pH is normal Acidosis - Answers reduces the excitability of cardiovascular muscle, neurons, skeletal muscle, and smooth muscle. Alkalosis - Answers increases the sensitivity of excitable tissues allowing them to OVERRESPOND without stimulation ABG considerations - Answers - Assess cardiovascular w/ acidosis (cardiac arrest from hyperkalemia) - Assess neuro status - Fall precautions Bicarb HC03 - Answers kidney compensation (slow and powerful) Respiratory PaC02 - Answers Respiratory compensation (fast but limited) Metabolic acidosis causes - Answers DKA, Starvation, diarrhea, kidney failure, dehydration, liver failure, pancreatitis, heavy exercise, seizure activity, fever, hypoxia, ischemia, ethanol/methanol intoxication Metabolic acidosis signs and symptoms - Answers bradycardia, hypotension, thready pulse, CNS depression, hyporeflexia, kussmal resp (with resp compensation), warm, flushed, dry skin. Metabolic acidosis treatment - Answers hydration and medication to treat underlying problems (DKA - give insulin). Metabolic alkalosis causes - Answers antacids, blood transfusion, sodium bicarbonate, total parenteral nutrition (TPN), prolonged vomiting, nasogastric suctioning, hypercortisolism, hyperaldosteronism, Loop/Thiazide diuretics. Metabolic Alkalosis s/s - Answers anxiety, irritability, tetany, seizures, POSITIVE CHVOSTEK, POSITIVE TROUSSEAU, parathesis, hyperreflexia, muscle cramping/twitching, skeletal muscle weakness, Tachycardia, norm/low BP, increased Digoxin toxicity, decreased respiratory effort (muscle weakness). metabolic alkalosis treatment - Answers restore fluid/electrolyte imbalances Respiratory acidosis cause - Answers Opioids, anesthetics, electrolyte imbalance, inadequate chest expansion, muscle weakness, airway obstruction, alveolar-capillary block. Respiratory acidosis s/s - Answers bradycardia, hypotension, thready pulse, CNS depression, hyporeflexia, ineffective respirations, pale-to-cyanotic dry skin. Respiratory acidosis treatment - Answers (Assess airway) Improve gas exchange, drug therapy (bronchodilators, anti-inflammatory), oxygen therapy (lowest flow possible), ventilation. Respiratory alkalosis cause - Answers Hyperventilation (fear, anxiety), mechanical ventilation, salicylate toxicity, high altitudes, early-stage acute pulmonary issues. respiratory alkalosis s/s - Answers anxiety, irritability, tetany, seizures, POSITIVE CHVOSTEK, POSITIVE TROUSSEAU (hypocalcemia), parathesis, hyperreflexia, muscle cramping/twitching, skeletal muscle weakness, Tachycardia, norm/low BP, increased Digoxin toxicity, hyperventilation respiratory alkalosis treatment - Answers restore fluid/electrolyte imbalances How do acid/base imbalances affect electrolytes - Answers - Potassium levels increase in acidosis as the body attempts to maintain electroneutrality during buffering. - Potassium is elevated in acute respiratory acidosis and normal/low in chronic respiratory acidosis when kidney compensation is present - Alkalosis = hypocalcemia and hypokalemia - Acidosis = HYPERkalemia alkalosis - Answers hypocalcemia and hypokalemia acidosis - Answers HYPERkalemia Upper GI consists of - Answers mouth, pharynx, esophagus, stomach, and duodenum. Barret's Epithelium - Answers premalignant; columnar epithelium that develops in lower esophagus Zollinger-Ellison syndrome (dumping syndrome) - Answers happens in PT with gastrectomy, from rapid emptying of food contents into the small intestine. Dumping syndrome S/S - Answers nausea, distension, cramping pains, diarrhea within 15 minutes after eating Leukoplakia - Answers thickened, white, firmly attached patches; slightly raised/rounded; most benign Erythroplakia - Answers precancerous, red, velvety, the floor of mouth, tongue, palate, mandibular mucosa; difficult to distinguish oral cancer - Answers - 90% are squamous cell carcinomas from epithelium surface - Squamous cells are found on the lips, tongue, basal mucosa, and oropharynx - Grow slowly. - Patients who use tobacco products, consume alcohol, have a poor diet, use mouthwash with high alcohol content, and have poor dental hygiene. Early sign of oral cancer - Answers - Erythroplasia is early sign - Present on lips, tongue, buccal mucosa, oropharynx oral cancer s/s - Answers bleeding from the mouth poor appetite difficulty chewing/swallowing unplanned weight loss thick or absent saliva painless oral lesions RED RAISED ERODED thick/lump in the cheek oral cancer treatment - Answers surgical excision, radiation and surgery, chemotherapy; Promote gas exchange Stomatitis - Answers painful inflammation within the oral cavity, occurring in single or multiple areas. The inflammation erodes the protective lining of the mouth. stomatitis risk - Answers patient with viral infections, use of tobacco, consuming irritating foods or chemicals, chemotherapy, or radiation. Candidiasis - Answers Fungal infection resulting from overgrowth of Candida albicans, a normal flora. Can occur in patients on antibiotics, steroids, radiation treatments, or antirejection medications. primary stomatitis - Answers Common; ulcers; Aphthous ulcers or canker sores secondary stomatitis - Answers results from infection (opportunistic infection, virus, fungi, immunocompromised from chemo, radiation, steroid medications) - Candida albicans stomatitis causes - Answers infection, allergy, deficient vitamin B, folate, zinc, iron, systemic disease, irritants (alcohol/tobacco) gastritis - Answers inflammation of the gastric mucosa lining. erosive or non-erosive. Most common stomach disorder. Categorized as Type A as a result of an autoimmune condition Type B which is caused by the bacteria Helicobacter Pylori. Caused by bacterial infections, overuse of NSAIDs, use of alcohol, stress, andage. type a gastritis - Answers autoimmune condition type b gastritis - Answers caused by h pylori gastritis caused by - Answers Caused by bacterial infections (h. pylori), overuse of NSAIDs, use of alcohol, stress, and age. erosive gastritis - Answers alcoholics and NSAID use. pain immediately after eating. nonerosive gastritis - Answers most often caused by infection w helibacter pylori (H. pylori) Acid autodigestion - Answers Prostaglandins provide protective mucosal barrier that prevents stomach from digesting itself. hiatal hernia - Answers a condition in which a portion of the stomach has passed through the diaphragmatic opening into the chest. Classified as sliding or paraesophageal. Can occur in patients who have experienced trauma or injury to the area, are over the age of 50, or are obese. sliding hernia s/s - Answers heart burn, regurgitation, pain, dysphagia, eructation Paraesophageal hernia s/s - Answers feeling full, breathlessness, feeling suffocation, chest pain, worsening in recumbent position Hernia Diagnostic Tests - Answers barium swallow hernia treatment - Answers lifestyle change (weight loss, smaller meal, limit fat, fried, caffeine), Antacids, proton pump inhibitor - nutrition and swallowing therapy GERD - Answers due to the backward flow of gastrointestinal contents into the esophagus