MED-SURG SP2017 ARDS & MECHANICAL VENTILATION
QUESTIONS WITH DETAILED VERIFIED AND 100%
ACCURATE ANSWERS
Unresponsive arterial hypoxemia
Explanation:
Acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) can be thought of as a
spectrum of disease, from its milder form (acute lung injury) to its most
severe form of fulminate, life-threatening ARDS. This clinical
syndrome is characterized by a severe inflammatory process causing
diffuse alveolar damage that results in sudden and progressive
pulmonary edema, increasing bilateral infiltrates on chest x-ray,
hypoxemia unresponsive to oxygen supplementation regardless of the
amount of PEEP, and the absence of an elevated left atrial pressure
( Dushianthan, Grott, Postle, et al., 2011). Correct Answers The nurse is
caring for a patient with suspected ARDS with a pO2 of 53. The patient
is placed on oxygen via face mask and the PO2 remains the same. What
does the nurse recognize as a key characteristic of ARDS?
Unresponsive arterial hypoxemia
Diminished alveolar dilation
Tachypnea
Increased PaO2
Hypovolemia secondary to leakage of fluid into the interstitial spaces
,Explanation:
Systemic hypotension may occur in ARDS as a result of hypovolemia
secondary to leakage of fluid into the interstitial spaces and depressed
cardiac output from high levels of PEEP therapy. Pulmonary
hypertension, not pulmonary hypotension, sometimes is a complication
of ARDS, but it is not the cause of the patient becoming hypotensive.
Correct Answers The nurse is caring for a patient in the ICU admitted
with ARDS after exposure to toxic fumes from a hazardous spill at
work. The patient has become hypotensive. What is the cause of this
complication to the ARDS treatment?
Pulmonary hypotension due to decreased cardiac output
Severe and progressive pulmonary hypertension
Hypovolemia secondary to leakage of fluid into the interstitial spaces
Increased cardiac output from high levels of PEEP therapy
Unresponsive arterial hypoxemia.
Explanation:
Clinically, the acute phase of ARDS is marked by a rapid onset of
severe dyspnea that usually occurs 12 to 48 hours after the initiating
event. A characteristic feature is arterial hypoxemia that does not
respond to supplemental oxygen. Correct Answers A nurse is aware that
the diagnostic feature of ARDS is sudden:
,Unresponsive arterial hypoxemia.
Diminished alveolar dilation.
Tachypnea
Increased PaO2
Administer oxygen by nasal cannula as ordered.
Explanation:
When a pulmonary embolus places a client at risk for oxygen
deprivation, the body compensates by hyperventilating. This causes
respiratory alkalosis, as reflected in the client's ABG values. However,
the most significant ABG value is the PaO2 value of 60 mm Hg, which
indicates hypoxemia. To manage hypoxemia, the nurse should increase
oxygenation by administering oxygen via nasal cannula as ordered.
Instructing the client to breathe into a paper bag would cause depressed
oxygenation when the client reinhaled carbon dioxide. Auscultating
breath sounds or encouraging deep breathing and coughing wouldn't
improve oxygenation. Correct Answers A client with a pulmonary
embolus has the following arterial blood gas (ABG) values: pH, 7.49;
partial pressure of arterial oxygen (PaO2), 60 mm Hg; partial pressure
of arterial carbon dioxide (PaCO2), 30 mm Hg; bicarbonate (HCO3-) 25
mEq/L. What should the nurse do first?
Instruct the client to breathe into a paper bag.
Administer oxygen by nasal cannula as ordered.
, Auscultate breath sounds bilaterally every 4 hours.
Encourage the client to deep-breathe and cough every 2 hours.
A client with a pulmonary embolus has the following arterial blood gas
(ABG) values: pH, 7.49; partial pressure of arterial oxygen (PaO2), 60
mm Hg; partial pressure of arterial carbon dioxide (PaCO2), 30 mm Hg;
bicarbonate (HCO3-) 25 mEq/L. What should the nurse do first?
Instruct the client to breathe into a paper bag.
Administer oxygen by nasal cannula as ordered.
Auscultate breath sounds bilaterally every 4 hours.
Encourage the client to deep-breathe and cough every 2 hours.
pH 7.28
Explanation:
Acute respiratory failure (ARF) is defined as a decrease in the arterial
oxygen tension (PaO) to less than 50 mm Hg (hypoxemia) and an
increase in arterial carbon dioxide tension (PaCO) to greater than 50
mm Hg (hypercapnia), with an arterial pH of less than 7.35. Correct
Answers Arterial blood gas analysis would reveal which of the
following related to acute respiratory failure?
QUESTIONS WITH DETAILED VERIFIED AND 100%
ACCURATE ANSWERS
Unresponsive arterial hypoxemia
Explanation:
Acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) can be thought of as a
spectrum of disease, from its milder form (acute lung injury) to its most
severe form of fulminate, life-threatening ARDS. This clinical
syndrome is characterized by a severe inflammatory process causing
diffuse alveolar damage that results in sudden and progressive
pulmonary edema, increasing bilateral infiltrates on chest x-ray,
hypoxemia unresponsive to oxygen supplementation regardless of the
amount of PEEP, and the absence of an elevated left atrial pressure
( Dushianthan, Grott, Postle, et al., 2011). Correct Answers The nurse is
caring for a patient with suspected ARDS with a pO2 of 53. The patient
is placed on oxygen via face mask and the PO2 remains the same. What
does the nurse recognize as a key characteristic of ARDS?
Unresponsive arterial hypoxemia
Diminished alveolar dilation
Tachypnea
Increased PaO2
Hypovolemia secondary to leakage of fluid into the interstitial spaces
,Explanation:
Systemic hypotension may occur in ARDS as a result of hypovolemia
secondary to leakage of fluid into the interstitial spaces and depressed
cardiac output from high levels of PEEP therapy. Pulmonary
hypertension, not pulmonary hypotension, sometimes is a complication
of ARDS, but it is not the cause of the patient becoming hypotensive.
Correct Answers The nurse is caring for a patient in the ICU admitted
with ARDS after exposure to toxic fumes from a hazardous spill at
work. The patient has become hypotensive. What is the cause of this
complication to the ARDS treatment?
Pulmonary hypotension due to decreased cardiac output
Severe and progressive pulmonary hypertension
Hypovolemia secondary to leakage of fluid into the interstitial spaces
Increased cardiac output from high levels of PEEP therapy
Unresponsive arterial hypoxemia.
Explanation:
Clinically, the acute phase of ARDS is marked by a rapid onset of
severe dyspnea that usually occurs 12 to 48 hours after the initiating
event. A characteristic feature is arterial hypoxemia that does not
respond to supplemental oxygen. Correct Answers A nurse is aware that
the diagnostic feature of ARDS is sudden:
,Unresponsive arterial hypoxemia.
Diminished alveolar dilation.
Tachypnea
Increased PaO2
Administer oxygen by nasal cannula as ordered.
Explanation:
When a pulmonary embolus places a client at risk for oxygen
deprivation, the body compensates by hyperventilating. This causes
respiratory alkalosis, as reflected in the client's ABG values. However,
the most significant ABG value is the PaO2 value of 60 mm Hg, which
indicates hypoxemia. To manage hypoxemia, the nurse should increase
oxygenation by administering oxygen via nasal cannula as ordered.
Instructing the client to breathe into a paper bag would cause depressed
oxygenation when the client reinhaled carbon dioxide. Auscultating
breath sounds or encouraging deep breathing and coughing wouldn't
improve oxygenation. Correct Answers A client with a pulmonary
embolus has the following arterial blood gas (ABG) values: pH, 7.49;
partial pressure of arterial oxygen (PaO2), 60 mm Hg; partial pressure
of arterial carbon dioxide (PaCO2), 30 mm Hg; bicarbonate (HCO3-) 25
mEq/L. What should the nurse do first?
Instruct the client to breathe into a paper bag.
Administer oxygen by nasal cannula as ordered.
, Auscultate breath sounds bilaterally every 4 hours.
Encourage the client to deep-breathe and cough every 2 hours.
A client with a pulmonary embolus has the following arterial blood gas
(ABG) values: pH, 7.49; partial pressure of arterial oxygen (PaO2), 60
mm Hg; partial pressure of arterial carbon dioxide (PaCO2), 30 mm Hg;
bicarbonate (HCO3-) 25 mEq/L. What should the nurse do first?
Instruct the client to breathe into a paper bag.
Administer oxygen by nasal cannula as ordered.
Auscultate breath sounds bilaterally every 4 hours.
Encourage the client to deep-breathe and cough every 2 hours.
pH 7.28
Explanation:
Acute respiratory failure (ARF) is defined as a decrease in the arterial
oxygen tension (PaO) to less than 50 mm Hg (hypoxemia) and an
increase in arterial carbon dioxide tension (PaCO) to greater than 50
mm Hg (hypercapnia), with an arterial pH of less than 7.35. Correct
Answers Arterial blood gas analysis would reveal which of the
following related to acute respiratory failure?
