NR507 Midterm Exam 2023 / NR 507 Week 4
Midterm Advanced Pathophysiology Midterm
Exam Latest Chamberlain College Of
Nursing(VERSION A)
Hypersensitivity Type 1 - ✔✔ANSWER ✔✔-Type 1: Allergic
Reaction
Mediated by IgE
Inflammation due to mast cell degranulation
local symptoms: Itching, rash
Systemic symptoms: wheezing
Most dangerous form: anaphylactic reaction-systemic
hypotension, severe bronchoconstriction
Main treatment: epinephrine
,Hypersensitivity Type 2 - ✔✔ANSWER ✔✔-Type 2: Cytotoxic,
tissue-specific (thyroid tissue)
Primary effector cells: Macrophages
Can cause tissue damage or alter the function
Example: Graves disease (alters thyroid function but does not
alter tissue)
Example: Incompatible blood type (cell/tissue damage)- Severe
transfusion reaction occurs and the transfused erythrocytes are
destroyed by agglutination or complement-mediated lysis
Hypersensitivity Type 2 and 3 difference - ✔✔ANSWER ✔✔-
Type 2: Organ-specific, the antibody binds to an antigen on the
cell surface
Type 3: Not organ-specific, the antibody binds to soluble
antigen outside the cell surface that was released into the
blood or body fluids and then the complex is distributed into
tissues
Hypersensitivity Type 3 Examples - ✔✔ANSWER ✔✔-
Rheumatoid Arthritis: antigen/antibodies are deposited in the
joints
,Systemic Lupus Erythematosus (SLE)- very closely related to
autoimmunity-antigen/antibodies deposit in organs that cause
tissue damage
Scope of damage of SLE- Type 3 Hypersensitivity- autoimmune
response - ✔✔ANSWER ✔✔-rash confined to cheeks (malar
rash)
discoid rash (raised, patchy, scaly)
photosensitivity
oral/nasopharyngeal ulcers
hematologic disorders
immunologic disorders
non-erosive arthritis
serositis
renal disorder (proteinuria)
neurologic disorders (seizures)
antinuclear antibody (ANA)
Autoimmunity - ✔✔ANSWER ✔✔-Familial
Affected family members may not have same dz, but several
members may have other disorders characterized by a variety
, of hypersensitivity reactions that include autoimmune or
allergic reactions
Associations with particular autoimmune diseases have been
identified for a variety of major histocompatibility complex
(MHC) alleles or non-MHC genes
Alloimmunity - ✔✔ANSWER ✔✔-When an individual's immune
system reacts against antigens on the tissues of other members
of the same species
Examples: neonatal dz where the maternal immune system
becomes sensitized against antigens expressed by the fetus,
transplant rejection, transfusion reaction
Hypersensitivity Type 4 - ✔✔ANSWER ✔✔-delayed response
does not involve antigen/antibody complexes like Type 1
T-cell mediated
Relationship between Type 2 and type 4 Hypersensisivity -
✔✔ANSWER ✔✔-Organ rejection involves cytotoxicity (type 2)
T-cells play a major role in organ rejection (Type 4- T-cell
mediated)
Antigens from target cells stimulate T-cells to differentiate into
cytotoxic (type 2) T-cells
Midterm Advanced Pathophysiology Midterm
Exam Latest Chamberlain College Of
Nursing(VERSION A)
Hypersensitivity Type 1 - ✔✔ANSWER ✔✔-Type 1: Allergic
Reaction
Mediated by IgE
Inflammation due to mast cell degranulation
local symptoms: Itching, rash
Systemic symptoms: wheezing
Most dangerous form: anaphylactic reaction-systemic
hypotension, severe bronchoconstriction
Main treatment: epinephrine
,Hypersensitivity Type 2 - ✔✔ANSWER ✔✔-Type 2: Cytotoxic,
tissue-specific (thyroid tissue)
Primary effector cells: Macrophages
Can cause tissue damage or alter the function
Example: Graves disease (alters thyroid function but does not
alter tissue)
Example: Incompatible blood type (cell/tissue damage)- Severe
transfusion reaction occurs and the transfused erythrocytes are
destroyed by agglutination or complement-mediated lysis
Hypersensitivity Type 2 and 3 difference - ✔✔ANSWER ✔✔-
Type 2: Organ-specific, the antibody binds to an antigen on the
cell surface
Type 3: Not organ-specific, the antibody binds to soluble
antigen outside the cell surface that was released into the
blood or body fluids and then the complex is distributed into
tissues
Hypersensitivity Type 3 Examples - ✔✔ANSWER ✔✔-
Rheumatoid Arthritis: antigen/antibodies are deposited in the
joints
,Systemic Lupus Erythematosus (SLE)- very closely related to
autoimmunity-antigen/antibodies deposit in organs that cause
tissue damage
Scope of damage of SLE- Type 3 Hypersensitivity- autoimmune
response - ✔✔ANSWER ✔✔-rash confined to cheeks (malar
rash)
discoid rash (raised, patchy, scaly)
photosensitivity
oral/nasopharyngeal ulcers
hematologic disorders
immunologic disorders
non-erosive arthritis
serositis
renal disorder (proteinuria)
neurologic disorders (seizures)
antinuclear antibody (ANA)
Autoimmunity - ✔✔ANSWER ✔✔-Familial
Affected family members may not have same dz, but several
members may have other disorders characterized by a variety
, of hypersensitivity reactions that include autoimmune or
allergic reactions
Associations with particular autoimmune diseases have been
identified for a variety of major histocompatibility complex
(MHC) alleles or non-MHC genes
Alloimmunity - ✔✔ANSWER ✔✔-When an individual's immune
system reacts against antigens on the tissues of other members
of the same species
Examples: neonatal dz where the maternal immune system
becomes sensitized against antigens expressed by the fetus,
transplant rejection, transfusion reaction
Hypersensitivity Type 4 - ✔✔ANSWER ✔✔-delayed response
does not involve antigen/antibody complexes like Type 1
T-cell mediated
Relationship between Type 2 and type 4 Hypersensisivity -
✔✔ANSWER ✔✔-Organ rejection involves cytotoxicity (type 2)
T-cells play a major role in organ rejection (Type 4- T-cell
mediated)
Antigens from target cells stimulate T-cells to differentiate into
cytotoxic (type 2) T-cells
