NURS 615 ADV PHARM TEST PAPER
QUESTIONS AND SOLUTIONS FULL REVIEW
GUIDE
●● What are the adverse effects associated with montelukast
(Singulair)?
Answer: Neuropsychiatric effects (agitation, anxiety, depression,
suicidal thoughts), headache, abdominal pain
●● What patient teaching should accompany montelukast (Singulair)?
Answer: Take daily (not for acute attacks), report mood changes
immediately, take in evening if prescribed for asthma
●● What patient teaching should be provided when prescribing inhaled
corticosteroids?
Answer: Rinse mouth after use to prevent oral thrush, use daily for
control not rescue, do not stop abruptly
●● What is the mechanism of action of albuterol?
Answer: Stimulates beta-2 receptors causing bronchodilation of airway
smooth muscle
●● What is the mechanism of action of inhaled corticosteroids?
,Answer: Reduces airway inflammation by inhibiting inflammatory
cytokines and immune response
●● When is it appropriate to use a SABA?
Answer: For acute asthma symptoms, exercise-induced bronchospasm,
or sudden shortness of breath
●● What is the mechanism of action of inhaled muscarinic receptor
antagonists?
Answer: Block acetylcholine at muscarinic receptors causing
bronchodilation and decreased mucus secretion
●● What are the adverse effects associated with inhaled corticosteroids?
Answer: Oral thrush, hoarseness, cough, possible adrenal suppression at
high doses
●● What is a long-acting beta-agonist (LABA) used to treat?
Answer: Long-term control of asthma and COPD symptoms, not for
acute relief
●● What is a LABA/LAMA combination used to treat?
Answer: Moderate to severe COPD for maintenance bronchodilation
, ●● What is the mechanism of action and indication for omalizumab
(Xolair)?
Answer: Monoclonal antibody that binds IgE; used for moderate to
severe allergic asthma
●● What special populations should not be prescribed pseudoephedrine
and why?
Answer: Hypertension, cardiovascular disease due to increased BP and
heart rate
●● What drug should be prescribed for a patient with nasal congestion
and hypertension?
Answer: Saline spray or intranasal corticosteroids (avoid systemic
decongestants)
●● What are the adverse effects of antihistamines?
Answer: Drowsiness, dry mouth, urinary retention, confusion (especially
older adults)
●● What conditions should cause a patient to avoid antihistamines?
Answer: Glaucoma, BPH, elderly patients (risk of sedation and urinary
retention)
QUESTIONS AND SOLUTIONS FULL REVIEW
GUIDE
●● What are the adverse effects associated with montelukast
(Singulair)?
Answer: Neuropsychiatric effects (agitation, anxiety, depression,
suicidal thoughts), headache, abdominal pain
●● What patient teaching should accompany montelukast (Singulair)?
Answer: Take daily (not for acute attacks), report mood changes
immediately, take in evening if prescribed for asthma
●● What patient teaching should be provided when prescribing inhaled
corticosteroids?
Answer: Rinse mouth after use to prevent oral thrush, use daily for
control not rescue, do not stop abruptly
●● What is the mechanism of action of albuterol?
Answer: Stimulates beta-2 receptors causing bronchodilation of airway
smooth muscle
●● What is the mechanism of action of inhaled corticosteroids?
,Answer: Reduces airway inflammation by inhibiting inflammatory
cytokines and immune response
●● When is it appropriate to use a SABA?
Answer: For acute asthma symptoms, exercise-induced bronchospasm,
or sudden shortness of breath
●● What is the mechanism of action of inhaled muscarinic receptor
antagonists?
Answer: Block acetylcholine at muscarinic receptors causing
bronchodilation and decreased mucus secretion
●● What are the adverse effects associated with inhaled corticosteroids?
Answer: Oral thrush, hoarseness, cough, possible adrenal suppression at
high doses
●● What is a long-acting beta-agonist (LABA) used to treat?
Answer: Long-term control of asthma and COPD symptoms, not for
acute relief
●● What is a LABA/LAMA combination used to treat?
Answer: Moderate to severe COPD for maintenance bronchodilation
, ●● What is the mechanism of action and indication for omalizumab
(Xolair)?
Answer: Monoclonal antibody that binds IgE; used for moderate to
severe allergic asthma
●● What special populations should not be prescribed pseudoephedrine
and why?
Answer: Hypertension, cardiovascular disease due to increased BP and
heart rate
●● What drug should be prescribed for a patient with nasal congestion
and hypertension?
Answer: Saline spray or intranasal corticosteroids (avoid systemic
decongestants)
●● What are the adverse effects of antihistamines?
Answer: Drowsiness, dry mouth, urinary retention, confusion (especially
older adults)
●● What conditions should cause a patient to avoid antihistamines?
Answer: Glaucoma, BPH, elderly patients (risk of sedation and urinary
retention)
