NSG 5003 Practice Questions | Most Tested Questions &
100% Correct Answers | 2026 Update
1. Discuss why stroke is considered the most prevalent neurological cause of
seizures in the elderly population.
Stroke is considered the most prevalent neurological cause of
seizures in the elderly due to the brain damage it causes, which can
lead to seizure activity.
Peripheral neuropathy is directly linked to seizure activity.
Multiple sclerosis causes seizures due to muscle weakness.
Alzheimer's disease leads to seizures because of memory loss.
2. Which type of headache is characterized by dull, throbbing pain and often
occurs bilaterally?
Benign intracranial hypertension
Tension headaches
Migraine headaches
Cluster headaches
3. Describe the inheritance pattern of X-linked dominant disorders and its
implications for male and female offspring.
A woman with an X-linked dominant disorder will pass it to all her sons
but none of her daughters.
A woman with an X-linked dominant disorder can only pass it to her
daughters.
A woman with an X-linked dominant disorder has a 50% chance of
passing the disorder to each child, regardless of their sex.
, A woman with an X-linked dominant disorder will not pass it to any of
her children.
4. What clinical finding should raise your suspicion that a patient has developed
hospital-acquired pneumonia?
Pedal edema
Increase in WBC
Digital clubbing and hypoxemia
A new onset fever three days after admission
5. Describe the mechanism by which Misoprostol helps prevent gastric ulcers in
patients taking NSAIDs.
Misoprostol neutralizes stomach acid to prevent irritation.
Misoprostol helps prevent gastric ulcers by increasing mucus and
bicarbonate secretion and promoting gastric mucosal blood flow.
Misoprostol acts as an antibiotic to eliminate bacteria causing ulcers.
Misoprostol reduces stomach acid production by blocking histamine
receptors.
6. Discuss why Ciprofloxacin is chosen as the empiric treatment for a patient
with urinary symptoms and a sulfa allergy.
Ciprofloxacin is the only antibiotic that can treat fever in urinary tract
infections.
Ciprofloxacin is preferred due to its low cost compared to other
antibiotics.
Ciprofloxacin is chosen because it has fewer side effects than all other
antibiotics.
, Ciprofloxacin is chosen because it is effective against urinary tract
infections and is safe for patients with sulfa allergies.
7. A patient presents with pneumonia and a chest X-ray shows pleural effusion.
What should be the next step in management?
Prescribe antibiotics and discharge the patient.
Schedule a follow-up in one month.
Perform a CT scan to confirm the diagnosis.
Consider further evaluation and possible drainage of the effusion.
8. What condition is characterized by abdominal discomfort, bloating, and
diarrhea that is relieved by bowel movements?
Irritable bowel syndrome
Norovirus gastroenteritis
Giardiasis
Inflammatory bowel disease
9. Describe how a rising BUN level with normal creatinine can suggest renal
artery stenosis in a patient.
It shows that the kidneys are functioning normally despite the BUN
increase.
A rising BUN level with normal creatinine indicates impaired renal
perfusion, which is characteristic of renal artery stenosis.
It suggests that there is an obstruction in the urinary tract.
It indicates that the patient is dehydrated.
, 10. Why is it significant to recognize angina equivalents in patients with ischemic
heart disease?
Because elderly patients always present with severe symptoms.
Because angina equivalents are the only symptoms of ischemic heart
disease.
Because chest pain is the only symptom that requires immediate
attention.
Because women and some patients may not present with typical
chest pain, making diagnosis challenging.
11. What is the primary age-related change that contributes to presbycusis?
Enhanced auditory nerve function
Increased earwax production
Thickening of the eardrum
Loss of cochlear hair cells
12. What diagnostic procedure is recommended for suspected anatomic
abnormalities in a patient with recurrent urinary tract infections?
Ultrasound of the kidneys
Intravenous pyelogram
Cystoscopy
Transvaginal ultrasound of the bladder
13. Describe the relationship between the varicella virus and herpes zoster.
Herpes zoster occurs when the dormant varicella virus reactivates
in the body.
100% Correct Answers | 2026 Update
1. Discuss why stroke is considered the most prevalent neurological cause of
seizures in the elderly population.
Stroke is considered the most prevalent neurological cause of
seizures in the elderly due to the brain damage it causes, which can
lead to seizure activity.
Peripheral neuropathy is directly linked to seizure activity.
Multiple sclerosis causes seizures due to muscle weakness.
Alzheimer's disease leads to seizures because of memory loss.
2. Which type of headache is characterized by dull, throbbing pain and often
occurs bilaterally?
Benign intracranial hypertension
Tension headaches
Migraine headaches
Cluster headaches
3. Describe the inheritance pattern of X-linked dominant disorders and its
implications for male and female offspring.
A woman with an X-linked dominant disorder will pass it to all her sons
but none of her daughters.
A woman with an X-linked dominant disorder can only pass it to her
daughters.
A woman with an X-linked dominant disorder has a 50% chance of
passing the disorder to each child, regardless of their sex.
, A woman with an X-linked dominant disorder will not pass it to any of
her children.
4. What clinical finding should raise your suspicion that a patient has developed
hospital-acquired pneumonia?
Pedal edema
Increase in WBC
Digital clubbing and hypoxemia
A new onset fever three days after admission
5. Describe the mechanism by which Misoprostol helps prevent gastric ulcers in
patients taking NSAIDs.
Misoprostol neutralizes stomach acid to prevent irritation.
Misoprostol helps prevent gastric ulcers by increasing mucus and
bicarbonate secretion and promoting gastric mucosal blood flow.
Misoprostol acts as an antibiotic to eliminate bacteria causing ulcers.
Misoprostol reduces stomach acid production by blocking histamine
receptors.
6. Discuss why Ciprofloxacin is chosen as the empiric treatment for a patient
with urinary symptoms and a sulfa allergy.
Ciprofloxacin is the only antibiotic that can treat fever in urinary tract
infections.
Ciprofloxacin is preferred due to its low cost compared to other
antibiotics.
Ciprofloxacin is chosen because it has fewer side effects than all other
antibiotics.
, Ciprofloxacin is chosen because it is effective against urinary tract
infections and is safe for patients with sulfa allergies.
7. A patient presents with pneumonia and a chest X-ray shows pleural effusion.
What should be the next step in management?
Prescribe antibiotics and discharge the patient.
Schedule a follow-up in one month.
Perform a CT scan to confirm the diagnosis.
Consider further evaluation and possible drainage of the effusion.
8. What condition is characterized by abdominal discomfort, bloating, and
diarrhea that is relieved by bowel movements?
Irritable bowel syndrome
Norovirus gastroenteritis
Giardiasis
Inflammatory bowel disease
9. Describe how a rising BUN level with normal creatinine can suggest renal
artery stenosis in a patient.
It shows that the kidneys are functioning normally despite the BUN
increase.
A rising BUN level with normal creatinine indicates impaired renal
perfusion, which is characteristic of renal artery stenosis.
It suggests that there is an obstruction in the urinary tract.
It indicates that the patient is dehydrated.
, 10. Why is it significant to recognize angina equivalents in patients with ischemic
heart disease?
Because elderly patients always present with severe symptoms.
Because angina equivalents are the only symptoms of ischemic heart
disease.
Because chest pain is the only symptom that requires immediate
attention.
Because women and some patients may not present with typical
chest pain, making diagnosis challenging.
11. What is the primary age-related change that contributes to presbycusis?
Enhanced auditory nerve function
Increased earwax production
Thickening of the eardrum
Loss of cochlear hair cells
12. What diagnostic procedure is recommended for suspected anatomic
abnormalities in a patient with recurrent urinary tract infections?
Ultrasound of the kidneys
Intravenous pyelogram
Cystoscopy
Transvaginal ultrasound of the bladder
13. Describe the relationship between the varicella virus and herpes zoster.
Herpes zoster occurs when the dormant varicella virus reactivates
in the body.
