NSG 5003 Advanced Pathophysiology Week 1 | Actual
Exam Questions & 100% Correct Answers | Latest Update
2026 | Nursing Exam Prep
1. Describe the contributions of Gregor Mendel to the field of genetics.
Gregor Mendel was the first to identify chromosomes.
Gregor Mendel discovered the structure of DNA.
Gregor Mendel's work laid the foundation for understanding
inheritance patterns through his experiments with pea plants.
Gregor Mendel developed the theory of natural selection.
2. Describe the significance of tumor cell markers in the diagnosis of cancer.
Tumor cell markers are only useful for monitoring treatment
effectiveness.
Tumor cell markers help in diagnosing cancer by indicating the
presence of cancerous cells in the body.
Tumor cell markers are exclusively used for genetic testing.
Tumor cell markers are irrelevant in cancer diagnosis.
3. What is the definition of heterozygous in genetic terms?
An organism has three alleles for a trait.
An organism has two different alleles for a trait.
An organism has one allele for a trait.
An organism has two identical alleles for a trait.
4. What is the role of DNA?
, Provide energy for the body
Serve as a chemical messenger
Protect against infection
Provide information for how to make proteins
Identify cells as 'self' cells
5. If a couple both carry one copy of the gene for cystic fibrosis, what is the
probability that their child will inherit the disorder?
0%
50%
75%
25%
6. Which inheritance pattern is shown in the attached image?
X-linked dominant
X-linked recessive
Autosomal recessive
, Autosomal dominant
7. What is a heterozygous organism?
It has four different alleles of a gene.
It has two different alleles of a gene.
It has one different alleles of a gene.
It has three different alleles of a gene.
8. Dysplasia is characterized by abnormal growth and development of cells,
often indicating a precancerous state. Which of the following statements
about dysplasia is correct?
Dysplasia often involves an increase in the rate of mitosis.
It is a non-pathological process seen during tissue repair.
Dysplasia indicates a benign condition.
Dysplasia refers to cells with normal size and shape.
9. A recessive allele is one that:
Is less common within a population than a dominant allele.
Is less likely to be passed on than a dominant allele.
Is not expressed when in the presence of a dominant allele at the
same locus.
Produces a smaller or weaker version of a trait than a dominant allele.
10. In a laboratory experiment, if a drug inhibits pinocytosis in a specific cell
type, what effect would you expect on that cell's ability to absorb nutrients?
The cell would start to produce its own nutrients.
The cell would absorb nutrients more efficiently.
, The cell would not be affected in nutrient absorption.
The cell's ability to absorb nutrients would decrease.
11. Diffusion is defined as
the movement of molecules from an area of higher concentration to
an area of lower concentration
the movement of molecules from an area of lower concentration to an
area of higher concentration
movement of water against its concentration gradient
movement up a concentration gradient
12. Which one of the following statements best describes a malignant
(cancerous) tumor?
All tumors are malignant.
All malignant tumors are fatal.
It consists of abnormal cells that divide slowly and tend to stay
together.
It consists of abnormal cells that divide rapidly and are capable of
spreading to nearby tissues and distant organs.
13. What is the definition of phenotype in genetics?
The genetic makeup of an organism.
The process of cell division.
The environmental influences on an organism.
An organism's physical appearance or visible traits.
14. Which of the following clinical features is commonly associated with
untreated phenylketonuria (PKU)?
Exam Questions & 100% Correct Answers | Latest Update
2026 | Nursing Exam Prep
1. Describe the contributions of Gregor Mendel to the field of genetics.
Gregor Mendel was the first to identify chromosomes.
Gregor Mendel discovered the structure of DNA.
Gregor Mendel's work laid the foundation for understanding
inheritance patterns through his experiments with pea plants.
Gregor Mendel developed the theory of natural selection.
2. Describe the significance of tumor cell markers in the diagnosis of cancer.
Tumor cell markers are only useful for monitoring treatment
effectiveness.
Tumor cell markers help in diagnosing cancer by indicating the
presence of cancerous cells in the body.
Tumor cell markers are exclusively used for genetic testing.
Tumor cell markers are irrelevant in cancer diagnosis.
3. What is the definition of heterozygous in genetic terms?
An organism has three alleles for a trait.
An organism has two different alleles for a trait.
An organism has one allele for a trait.
An organism has two identical alleles for a trait.
4. What is the role of DNA?
, Provide energy for the body
Serve as a chemical messenger
Protect against infection
Provide information for how to make proteins
Identify cells as 'self' cells
5. If a couple both carry one copy of the gene for cystic fibrosis, what is the
probability that their child will inherit the disorder?
0%
50%
75%
25%
6. Which inheritance pattern is shown in the attached image?
X-linked dominant
X-linked recessive
Autosomal recessive
, Autosomal dominant
7. What is a heterozygous organism?
It has four different alleles of a gene.
It has two different alleles of a gene.
It has one different alleles of a gene.
It has three different alleles of a gene.
8. Dysplasia is characterized by abnormal growth and development of cells,
often indicating a precancerous state. Which of the following statements
about dysplasia is correct?
Dysplasia often involves an increase in the rate of mitosis.
It is a non-pathological process seen during tissue repair.
Dysplasia indicates a benign condition.
Dysplasia refers to cells with normal size and shape.
9. A recessive allele is one that:
Is less common within a population than a dominant allele.
Is less likely to be passed on than a dominant allele.
Is not expressed when in the presence of a dominant allele at the
same locus.
Produces a smaller or weaker version of a trait than a dominant allele.
10. In a laboratory experiment, if a drug inhibits pinocytosis in a specific cell
type, what effect would you expect on that cell's ability to absorb nutrients?
The cell would start to produce its own nutrients.
The cell would absorb nutrients more efficiently.
, The cell would not be affected in nutrient absorption.
The cell's ability to absorb nutrients would decrease.
11. Diffusion is defined as
the movement of molecules from an area of higher concentration to
an area of lower concentration
the movement of molecules from an area of lower concentration to an
area of higher concentration
movement of water against its concentration gradient
movement up a concentration gradient
12. Which one of the following statements best describes a malignant
(cancerous) tumor?
All tumors are malignant.
All malignant tumors are fatal.
It consists of abnormal cells that divide slowly and tend to stay
together.
It consists of abnormal cells that divide rapidly and are capable of
spreading to nearby tissues and distant organs.
13. What is the definition of phenotype in genetics?
The genetic makeup of an organism.
The process of cell division.
The environmental influences on an organism.
An organism's physical appearance or visible traits.
14. Which of the following clinical features is commonly associated with
untreated phenylketonuria (PKU)?
