EXAM 2026-2027 ACTUAL COMPLETE REAL EXAM
QUESTIONS AND CORRECT ANSWERS (VERIFIED
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which common varieties are particularly prone to powdery
mildew? which are
not? - ANSWER-- Chardonnay,
Cabernet
- Pinot,
Riesling
where is powdery mildew during the winter? - ANSWER-in buds,
on canes
what does powdery mildew attack? - ANSWER-young green
parts of vines
what does powdery mildew look like? - ANSWER-- starts as dull
grey patches that become black patches as they advance
- patches can damage young shoots, inflorescences and
grapes, reducing yield
- grapes can split at véraison and become targets for other
infections
,what determines the growth rate of powdery mildew? -
ANSWER-Temperature,
optimal around
25C
what conditions are favorable to powdery mildew? -
ANSWER-- optimal
temperature
(25C)
-
shade
- can thrive in dry
conditions
what causes downy mildew (peronospora)? - ANSWER-a water
mold that lives
within vine tissue, not on the
surface
where did downy mildew originate? when was it
introduced to Europe? -
ANSWER-- North
America
- late
1800's
what is the main effect of downy mildew? - ANSWER-attacks
green parts of the
,vines,
defoliates
what conditions are optimal for downy mildew? what are its
symptoms? - ANSWER-- rainfall
- temperature = 20C
- yellow, circular 'oil spots' and then white, downy fungal
growth on the underside of leaves
how can powdery mildew be managed? - ANSWER-- Keeping
an open canopy
to reduce shade and the density
of leaves
- Applications of
sulfur
- Systemic fungicides (can become
resistant)
how can downy mildew be managed? - ANSWER-- sprays made
from copper salts (Bordeaux mixture) (protection from these
copper sprays only lasts until 20 mm of rain has fallen)
- other fungicides
- good drainage and an open canopy that dries quickly
how can grey rot be managed? - ANSWER-- Selecting grape
varieties that have
small grapes with thick skins and therefore high levels
of resistance - Keeping an open canopy and removing
the leaves around bunches
, - Traditional sulfur and copper sprays are ineffective, but other
fungicides can be used
- Attention has turned to using antagonistic bacteria; for
example, Bacillus subtilis and other forms of biological
control
what is eutypa dieback? what does it do? how is it spread? how
does it infect? -
ANSWER-- aka Dead Arm
- fungal trunk disease that leads to rotten wood in vines and
can affect whole vineyards
- reduces yields significantly and kills vines over a ten-year
period if not tackled
- spread by wind over long distances
- through pruning wounds in moderate temperatures and
especially during rain
how can eutypa dieback be managed? - ANSWER-- pruning
late and applying
fungicide to pruning wounds can be
effective
- cut back affected trunks 5-10 cm beyond the visible
symptoms and treated
with
fungicide
- Bacillus
subtilis