EMT Chapter 26: Bleeding Exam Review | Hemorrhage Control & Wound Management | NREMT Alignment
EMT Chapter 26: Bleeding Exam Review
Hemorrhage Control & Wound Management
NREMT-Aligned Practice Questions | 2026/2027
25 Questions with Correct Answers and Rationales
Instructions: Select the single best answer for each question. Correct answers are displayed in blue. Each
question is followed by a detailed clinical rationale aligned with the NREMT EMT Test Plan, National EMS
Education Standards, and current prehospital clinical practice guidelines (AAOS Emergency Care and
Transportation of the Sick and Injured, 12th Edition; NAEMT PHTLS; American College of Surgeons Stop the
Bleed; CDC Hemorrhage Control Guidelines).
Scoring Sheet
Section Questions Points Score
Anatomy & 1–25 4 pts each
Physiology of
Hemostasis
Types of External 1–25 4 pts each
Bleeding & Clinical
Recognition
Hemorrhage Control 1–25 4 pts each
Techniques
Internal Bleeding 1–25 4 pts each
Recognition
Special Bleeding 1–25 4 pts each
Scenarios
Shock Integration & 1–25 4 pts each
Prehospital Priorities
Pediatric & Geriatric 1–25 4 pts each
Considerations
Infection Prevention 1–25 4 pts each
& Standard
Precautions
Documentation & 1–25 4 pts each
Handoff
Communication
Clinical Integration 1–25 4 pts each
& NREMT-Style
Questions
1
, EMT Chapter 26: Bleeding Exam Review | Hemorrhage Control & Wound Management | NREMT Alignment
Section Questions Points Score
Total 25 100
Section: Anatomy & Physiology of Hemostasis
1. What is the approximate total blood volume, in milliliters, for a 70-kg adult male?
A. 3,500 mL B. 4,900 mL
C. 6,300 mL D. 7,000 mL
Correct Answer: B. 4,900 mL
Rationale: Average adult blood volume is approximately 70 mL per kilogram of body weight. For a 70-kg adult:
70 kg x 70 mL/kg = 4,900 mL (roughly 5 liters). This calculation is foundational for estimating percentage of
blood loss and assessing the severity of hemorrhage. A loss of 500 mL represents approximately 10% of total
volume and is generally well tolerated in healthy adults, whereas losses exceeding 30% (about 1,500 mL)
typically produce decompensated shock.
2. During the hemostatic process, which component is responsible for forming the initial plug at the site of
vascular injury?
A. Fibrin strands B. Red blood cells
C. Platelets D. White blood cells
Correct Answer: C. Platelets
Rationale: Platelets are the first cellular responders to vascular injury. When the endothelium is disrupted,
platelets adhere to the exposed collagen fibers through von Willebrand factor, become activated, and aggregate to
form the initial hemostatic plug. This platelet plug temporarily seals the injury. The coagulation cascade then
produces fibrin strands that reinforce the platelet plug into a stable clot. Understanding this physiology helps
EMTs appreciate why direct pressure is effective: it supports the body's natural hemostatic mechanism.
Section: Types of External Bleeding & Clinical Recognition
3. Which type of external bleeding is characterized by blood that is dark red in color, flows in a steady stream, and
is under low pressure?
A. Arterial bleeding
B. Capillary bleeding
C. Venous bleeding
D. Interosseous bleeding
Correct Answer: C. Venous bleeding
Rationale: Venous bleeding originates from veins, which carry deoxygenated blood at low pressure back to the
heart. The blood appears dark red and flows in a steady, non-pulsatile stream. Although less dramatic than arterial
2
EMT Chapter 26: Bleeding Exam Review
Hemorrhage Control & Wound Management
NREMT-Aligned Practice Questions | 2026/2027
25 Questions with Correct Answers and Rationales
Instructions: Select the single best answer for each question. Correct answers are displayed in blue. Each
question is followed by a detailed clinical rationale aligned with the NREMT EMT Test Plan, National EMS
Education Standards, and current prehospital clinical practice guidelines (AAOS Emergency Care and
Transportation of the Sick and Injured, 12th Edition; NAEMT PHTLS; American College of Surgeons Stop the
Bleed; CDC Hemorrhage Control Guidelines).
Scoring Sheet
Section Questions Points Score
Anatomy & 1–25 4 pts each
Physiology of
Hemostasis
Types of External 1–25 4 pts each
Bleeding & Clinical
Recognition
Hemorrhage Control 1–25 4 pts each
Techniques
Internal Bleeding 1–25 4 pts each
Recognition
Special Bleeding 1–25 4 pts each
Scenarios
Shock Integration & 1–25 4 pts each
Prehospital Priorities
Pediatric & Geriatric 1–25 4 pts each
Considerations
Infection Prevention 1–25 4 pts each
& Standard
Precautions
Documentation & 1–25 4 pts each
Handoff
Communication
Clinical Integration 1–25 4 pts each
& NREMT-Style
Questions
1
, EMT Chapter 26: Bleeding Exam Review | Hemorrhage Control & Wound Management | NREMT Alignment
Section Questions Points Score
Total 25 100
Section: Anatomy & Physiology of Hemostasis
1. What is the approximate total blood volume, in milliliters, for a 70-kg adult male?
A. 3,500 mL B. 4,900 mL
C. 6,300 mL D. 7,000 mL
Correct Answer: B. 4,900 mL
Rationale: Average adult blood volume is approximately 70 mL per kilogram of body weight. For a 70-kg adult:
70 kg x 70 mL/kg = 4,900 mL (roughly 5 liters). This calculation is foundational for estimating percentage of
blood loss and assessing the severity of hemorrhage. A loss of 500 mL represents approximately 10% of total
volume and is generally well tolerated in healthy adults, whereas losses exceeding 30% (about 1,500 mL)
typically produce decompensated shock.
2. During the hemostatic process, which component is responsible for forming the initial plug at the site of
vascular injury?
A. Fibrin strands B. Red blood cells
C. Platelets D. White blood cells
Correct Answer: C. Platelets
Rationale: Platelets are the first cellular responders to vascular injury. When the endothelium is disrupted,
platelets adhere to the exposed collagen fibers through von Willebrand factor, become activated, and aggregate to
form the initial hemostatic plug. This platelet plug temporarily seals the injury. The coagulation cascade then
produces fibrin strands that reinforce the platelet plug into a stable clot. Understanding this physiology helps
EMTs appreciate why direct pressure is effective: it supports the body's natural hemostatic mechanism.
Section: Types of External Bleeding & Clinical Recognition
3. Which type of external bleeding is characterized by blood that is dark red in color, flows in a steady stream, and
is under low pressure?
A. Arterial bleeding
B. Capillary bleeding
C. Venous bleeding
D. Interosseous bleeding
Correct Answer: C. Venous bleeding
Rationale: Venous bleeding originates from veins, which carry deoxygenated blood at low pressure back to the
heart. The blood appears dark red and flows in a steady, non-pulsatile stream. Although less dramatic than arterial
2
