AP HUMAN GEOGRAPHY CHAPTER 12 VOCAB
INDUSTRY AND SERVICES 2026 PRACTICE
TEST QUESTIONS AND DETAILED INDUSTRIAL
MODELS AND SERVICE DISTRIBUTION
BREAKDOWN FULL REVIEW
◉ Electoral geography. Answer: Analyzing how the shape and
location of voting district boundaries influences election outcomes
◉ Elongated state. Answer: States that are long and narrow
◉ Enclave. Answer: The counterpart of an exclave/perforated state
◉ Ethnic cleansing. Answer: The killing or forcible relocation of less
powerful minorities
◉ European Union. Answer: The world's largest and richest bloc of
nation-states
◉ Exclave. Answer: When a territorial outlier of one state is located
within another country
, ◉ Exclusive economic zone. Answer: A zone of up to 200 nautical
miles in which the state has recognized rights to explore, exploit,
conserve, and manage the natural resources
◉ Fragmented state. Answer: Countries composed of islands
◉ Functional dispute. Answer: When neighboring states disagree
over policies to be applied along a boundary
◉ Geometric boundary. Answer: The alternative to natural
boundaries
◉ Geopolitics. Answer: The study of how spatial relations among
regions influence their current and past political activities and
political relations
◉ Gerrymandering. Answer: The practice of drawing the boundaries
of electoral districts so as to give particular candidates an electoral
advantage.
◉ Irredentism. Answer: When the people of one state want to annex
a territory whose population is ethnically related to that state but
now subject to a foreign government.
INDUSTRY AND SERVICES 2026 PRACTICE
TEST QUESTIONS AND DETAILED INDUSTRIAL
MODELS AND SERVICE DISTRIBUTION
BREAKDOWN FULL REVIEW
◉ Electoral geography. Answer: Analyzing how the shape and
location of voting district boundaries influences election outcomes
◉ Elongated state. Answer: States that are long and narrow
◉ Enclave. Answer: The counterpart of an exclave/perforated state
◉ Ethnic cleansing. Answer: The killing or forcible relocation of less
powerful minorities
◉ European Union. Answer: The world's largest and richest bloc of
nation-states
◉ Exclave. Answer: When a territorial outlier of one state is located
within another country
, ◉ Exclusive economic zone. Answer: A zone of up to 200 nautical
miles in which the state has recognized rights to explore, exploit,
conserve, and manage the natural resources
◉ Fragmented state. Answer: Countries composed of islands
◉ Functional dispute. Answer: When neighboring states disagree
over policies to be applied along a boundary
◉ Geometric boundary. Answer: The alternative to natural
boundaries
◉ Geopolitics. Answer: The study of how spatial relations among
regions influence their current and past political activities and
political relations
◉ Gerrymandering. Answer: The practice of drawing the boundaries
of electoral districts so as to give particular candidates an electoral
advantage.
◉ Irredentism. Answer: When the people of one state want to annex
a territory whose population is ethnically related to that state but
now subject to a foreign government.
