WALDEN UNIVERSITY NUR 6531
FINAL 1 ACTUAL EXAM PAPER 2026
QUESTIONS WITH ANSWERS GRADED
A+
◍ List two organs contained in the abdominal cavity..
Answer: The abdominal cavity contains the stomach, intestines, spleen and
liver
◍ True or False?a. Cellular respiration occurs in the mitochondria. (T or F) b.
The purpose of cellular respiration is to produce AT
P. (T or F) c. Integral proteins are only found on the inner surface of a cell
membrane. (T or F) d. Endocytosis is the process that occurs to eject
biomacromolecules from the cell. (T or F)e. Pinocytosis uses a signaling
molecule from another cell, binding to the cell membrane to bring about
changes within the cell proteins. (T or F).
Answer: a. Trueb. Truec. Falsed. Falsee. False
◍ You are observing two cells under the microscope. They are the same type
of eukaryotic cell but one appears much larger. Based on appearance alone,
which one would you expect to be carrying out respiration at a more active
rate, the larger or smaller cell? Explain why..
Answer: I believe it is the smaller cell that will breathe at a more active rate
because in order for respiration to occur efficiently and more actively the
surface area to volume ratio is very critical; also, if the larger surface area is
present then the diffusion of gases occur at a higher rate; so, larger cells will
have a smaller surface to volume ratio and diffusion that will occur at a
slower rate creating a less active respiration; and, on the other hand smaller
cells will have a larger surface area to volume ratio and an improved
, diffusion rate, so the higher rate and more active respiration.The smaller
cell. Cells need to remain relatively small because as a cell expands the
amount of surface area relative to the volume of the cell decreases. The
smaller cell is more active because relative to its volume, its surface area is
larger than a bigger cell. With a larger surface area (relative to its volume)
this allows the metabolic processes to occur faster.
◍ The genitourinary and reproductive systems undergo many age-related
changes. Which of the following statements is true about these changes?1.
The older male patient undergoes more gradual changes than does the older
female patient.2. The older female patient undergoes more gradual changes
than does the older male patient.3. Older male and female patients undergo
the same changes.4. The older male patient undergoes less gradual changes
than those of the older female patient..
Answer: 1. The older male patient undergoes more gradual changes than
does the older female patient.
◍ Note: Essay answers must clearly be in your own words.Explain what
happens to the epiglottis during swallowing. Why?.
Answer: During swallowing the epiglottis moves inferiorly to close off and
prevent aspiration by covering the trachea and creating a passage for liquid,
food, or bolus into the esophagus; and, preventing these things from entering
into the lungs.
◍ 2. Lucy is a 56-year-old woman experiencing itching, discomfort, and
bleeding after intercourse. Which of the following conditions may be
developing in the patient?1. Atrophic vaginitis2. Vaginal cancer3.
Fibroadenoma4. Cystitis.
Answer: 1. Atrophic vaginitis
◍ Which of the following is the single most signal symptom for possible
breast cancer?1. Nipple retraction2. Breast discharge3. Breast mass4. Breast
redness.
Answer: 3. Breast mass
◍ Air and food pass in which one of the following areas:.
, Answer: Oropharynx
◍ 4. Which of the following conditions presents nonproliferating lesions and
does not affect future cancer risk?1. Atypical lobular hyperplasia2. Fat
necrosis3. Radial scar4. Papilloma.
Answer: 2. Fat necrosis
◍ Label the following five items from the diagram:Label B-
___________Label D- __________Label E- __________Label F-
__________Label G- __________.
Answer: B - Oral CavityD - EpiglottisE - GlottisF - TracheaG - Esophagus
◍ Mr. Angulo is an 89-year-old patient who was recently an inpatient for
pneumonia and was bedridden for 1 week. He is now presenting dysuria,
suprapubic tenderness accompanied by fever, and increased confusion.
Based on his recent history, which of the following conditions may be
developing?1. Cystitis2. Distended bladder3. Prostate stones4. Subacute
prostatitis.
Answer: 1. Cystitis
◍ From widest to narrowest, the branches of the bronchial tree are:.
Answer: Primary bronchi, secondary bronchi, tertiary bronchi, bronchioles
◍ Which of the following statements is true for untreated symptomatic
cystitis?1. Untreated symptomatic cystitis can lead to pneumonia.2.
Untreated symptomatic cystitis can resolve on its own.3. Untreated
symptomatic cystitis can lead to pyelonephritis, sepsis, shock, and death.4.
Untreated symptomatic cystitis can lead to prostatic cancer, vaginitis, and
sepsis..
Answer: 3. Untreated symptomatic cystitis can lead to pyelonephritis, sepsis,
shock, and death.
◍ Explain why someone who has hypergastrinemia (excessive secretion of
gastrin) might develop gastric/stomach ulcers..
Answer: Hypergastrinemia leads to excess secretion of the gastrin hormone,
which induces excess secretion of hydrochloric acid in the stomach; and, the
, excess acid then acts as a protective mucousa layer causing disruption that
can lead to those ulcers.Gastrin stimulates the secretions of pepsinogens and
hydrochloric acid. Excess amounts would lead to erosion of the stomach
lining.
◍ Look carefully at the diagram below. Label the following 5 organs of the
digestive system.To receive credit for the intestines you must label the
specific region.3: ___________4: ___________7: ___________9:
___________10: ___________.
Answer: 3. Stomach4. Gallbladder7. Jejunum9. Appendix10. Rectum
◍ Note: Essay answers must clearly be in your own words.Answer the
following essay question:Describe parietal cells and chief cells: name their
location, secretions and purposes..
Answer: Parietal and chief cells are located in the stomach wall and they
secrete gastric juices and mucous, secrete hormones that regulate digestive
activity; also, parietal cells produce HCl in the stomach; and, chief cells
secrete te enzymes pepsinogen, rennin, and gastric lipase.The parietal cells
(located in the wall of the stomach body) secrete hydrochloric acid,
generating a pH of 1.3-3.5. This very acidic pH kills many of the bacteria
ingested along with food. In addition, the low pH stops the activity of
salivary amylase. The secretion of hydrochloric acid is essential in the
activation of pepsin.Chief cells: secrete pepsinogen. Pepsinogen (a
pre-enzyme) is secreted by the chief cells in the stomach. Hydrochloric acid
converts the inactive pepsinogen (secreted by the chief cells) into the active
enzyme pepsin which begins the breakdown of proteins.
◍ Women developing ovarian cancer may be asymptomatic, making it hard to
detect until the condition has worsened. Which of the following is the best
initial diagnostic tool for suspected ovarian cancer?1. Transvaginal
ultrasonography2. Pelvic examination3. Laparoscopy4. Complete blood
count (CBC).
Answer: 1. Transvaginal ultrasonography
◍ Label the following bones of the skeleton from the figure below:1:
FINAL 1 ACTUAL EXAM PAPER 2026
QUESTIONS WITH ANSWERS GRADED
A+
◍ List two organs contained in the abdominal cavity..
Answer: The abdominal cavity contains the stomach, intestines, spleen and
liver
◍ True or False?a. Cellular respiration occurs in the mitochondria. (T or F) b.
The purpose of cellular respiration is to produce AT
P. (T or F) c. Integral proteins are only found on the inner surface of a cell
membrane. (T or F) d. Endocytosis is the process that occurs to eject
biomacromolecules from the cell. (T or F)e. Pinocytosis uses a signaling
molecule from another cell, binding to the cell membrane to bring about
changes within the cell proteins. (T or F).
Answer: a. Trueb. Truec. Falsed. Falsee. False
◍ You are observing two cells under the microscope. They are the same type
of eukaryotic cell but one appears much larger. Based on appearance alone,
which one would you expect to be carrying out respiration at a more active
rate, the larger or smaller cell? Explain why..
Answer: I believe it is the smaller cell that will breathe at a more active rate
because in order for respiration to occur efficiently and more actively the
surface area to volume ratio is very critical; also, if the larger surface area is
present then the diffusion of gases occur at a higher rate; so, larger cells will
have a smaller surface to volume ratio and diffusion that will occur at a
slower rate creating a less active respiration; and, on the other hand smaller
cells will have a larger surface area to volume ratio and an improved
, diffusion rate, so the higher rate and more active respiration.The smaller
cell. Cells need to remain relatively small because as a cell expands the
amount of surface area relative to the volume of the cell decreases. The
smaller cell is more active because relative to its volume, its surface area is
larger than a bigger cell. With a larger surface area (relative to its volume)
this allows the metabolic processes to occur faster.
◍ The genitourinary and reproductive systems undergo many age-related
changes. Which of the following statements is true about these changes?1.
The older male patient undergoes more gradual changes than does the older
female patient.2. The older female patient undergoes more gradual changes
than does the older male patient.3. Older male and female patients undergo
the same changes.4. The older male patient undergoes less gradual changes
than those of the older female patient..
Answer: 1. The older male patient undergoes more gradual changes than
does the older female patient.
◍ Note: Essay answers must clearly be in your own words.Explain what
happens to the epiglottis during swallowing. Why?.
Answer: During swallowing the epiglottis moves inferiorly to close off and
prevent aspiration by covering the trachea and creating a passage for liquid,
food, or bolus into the esophagus; and, preventing these things from entering
into the lungs.
◍ 2. Lucy is a 56-year-old woman experiencing itching, discomfort, and
bleeding after intercourse. Which of the following conditions may be
developing in the patient?1. Atrophic vaginitis2. Vaginal cancer3.
Fibroadenoma4. Cystitis.
Answer: 1. Atrophic vaginitis
◍ Which of the following is the single most signal symptom for possible
breast cancer?1. Nipple retraction2. Breast discharge3. Breast mass4. Breast
redness.
Answer: 3. Breast mass
◍ Air and food pass in which one of the following areas:.
, Answer: Oropharynx
◍ 4. Which of the following conditions presents nonproliferating lesions and
does not affect future cancer risk?1. Atypical lobular hyperplasia2. Fat
necrosis3. Radial scar4. Papilloma.
Answer: 2. Fat necrosis
◍ Label the following five items from the diagram:Label B-
___________Label D- __________Label E- __________Label F-
__________Label G- __________.
Answer: B - Oral CavityD - EpiglottisE - GlottisF - TracheaG - Esophagus
◍ Mr. Angulo is an 89-year-old patient who was recently an inpatient for
pneumonia and was bedridden for 1 week. He is now presenting dysuria,
suprapubic tenderness accompanied by fever, and increased confusion.
Based on his recent history, which of the following conditions may be
developing?1. Cystitis2. Distended bladder3. Prostate stones4. Subacute
prostatitis.
Answer: 1. Cystitis
◍ From widest to narrowest, the branches of the bronchial tree are:.
Answer: Primary bronchi, secondary bronchi, tertiary bronchi, bronchioles
◍ Which of the following statements is true for untreated symptomatic
cystitis?1. Untreated symptomatic cystitis can lead to pneumonia.2.
Untreated symptomatic cystitis can resolve on its own.3. Untreated
symptomatic cystitis can lead to pyelonephritis, sepsis, shock, and death.4.
Untreated symptomatic cystitis can lead to prostatic cancer, vaginitis, and
sepsis..
Answer: 3. Untreated symptomatic cystitis can lead to pyelonephritis, sepsis,
shock, and death.
◍ Explain why someone who has hypergastrinemia (excessive secretion of
gastrin) might develop gastric/stomach ulcers..
Answer: Hypergastrinemia leads to excess secretion of the gastrin hormone,
which induces excess secretion of hydrochloric acid in the stomach; and, the
, excess acid then acts as a protective mucousa layer causing disruption that
can lead to those ulcers.Gastrin stimulates the secretions of pepsinogens and
hydrochloric acid. Excess amounts would lead to erosion of the stomach
lining.
◍ Look carefully at the diagram below. Label the following 5 organs of the
digestive system.To receive credit for the intestines you must label the
specific region.3: ___________4: ___________7: ___________9:
___________10: ___________.
Answer: 3. Stomach4. Gallbladder7. Jejunum9. Appendix10. Rectum
◍ Note: Essay answers must clearly be in your own words.Answer the
following essay question:Describe parietal cells and chief cells: name their
location, secretions and purposes..
Answer: Parietal and chief cells are located in the stomach wall and they
secrete gastric juices and mucous, secrete hormones that regulate digestive
activity; also, parietal cells produce HCl in the stomach; and, chief cells
secrete te enzymes pepsinogen, rennin, and gastric lipase.The parietal cells
(located in the wall of the stomach body) secrete hydrochloric acid,
generating a pH of 1.3-3.5. This very acidic pH kills many of the bacteria
ingested along with food. In addition, the low pH stops the activity of
salivary amylase. The secretion of hydrochloric acid is essential in the
activation of pepsin.Chief cells: secrete pepsinogen. Pepsinogen (a
pre-enzyme) is secreted by the chief cells in the stomach. Hydrochloric acid
converts the inactive pepsinogen (secreted by the chief cells) into the active
enzyme pepsin which begins the breakdown of proteins.
◍ Women developing ovarian cancer may be asymptomatic, making it hard to
detect until the condition has worsened. Which of the following is the best
initial diagnostic tool for suspected ovarian cancer?1. Transvaginal
ultrasonography2. Pelvic examination3. Laparoscopy4. Complete blood
count (CBC).
Answer: 1. Transvaginal ultrasonography
◍ Label the following bones of the skeleton from the figure below:1:
