WGU D669 Early Literacy Methods
Practice Test Exam UPDATED ACTUAL
QUESTIONS AND CORRECT ANSWERS
Print awareness - CORRECT ANSWER the understanding that printed text carries meaning,
including the recognition of words, letters, and the functions of various elements in a book or written
material
Letter awareness - CORRECT ANSWER the understanding that letters are representations of
sounds
Book awareness - CORRECT ANSWER the understanding of how books work, including
concepts such as reading from left to right, turning pages, and recognizing the front and back cover
Concepts about print - CORRECT ANSWER the understanding of how printed materials, such
as books and other written texts, function and are structured
Phonological awareness - CORRECT ANSWER the ability to recognize and manipulate the
sounds of spoken language, including words, syllables, and phonemes (individual speech sounds),
without necessarily understanding the meaning of the words
Phonemic awareness - CORRECT ANSWER a subset of phonological awareness and
specifically refers to the ability to recognize and manipulate individual phonemes (speech sounds) in
spoken words
Syllables - CORRECT ANSWER units of sound within words that contain a single vowel
sound and may or may not be preceded or followed by consonant sounds
Onset - CORRECT ANSWER the initial consonant or consonant cluster of a syllable that comes
before the letter sound
Rime - CORRECT ANSWER the part of the syllable that consists of the vowel sound and any
consonant sounds that follow it
, Consonant - CORRECT ANSWER a speech sound produced by obstructing the flow of air
through the vocal tract
Vowel - CORRECT ANSWER a speech sound produced without significant constriction or
closure of the vocal tract
Stops - CORRECT ANSWER consonant sounds that produced by one push of breath and then
stopping the air including /p/, /b/, /t/, /d/, /k/, and /g/
Nasals - CORRECT ANSWER consonant sounds produced with the nasal passage open,
allowing air to escape through the nose, including /n/, /m/, and /ng/
Fricatives - CORRECT ANSWER consonants produced by forcing air through a narrow
opening or passage in the vocal tract creating friction, this includes /f/, /v/, /s/, /z/, /sh/, /zh/, and /th/
Affricatives - CORRECT ANSWER consonant sounds that begin as stops but are released as
fricatives, which involves a brief stoppage of airflow followed by a slow release with friction such as
the sounds /ch/ and /j/
Glides - CORRECT ANSWER consonant sounds that glide immediately into vowels, including
/h/, /w/, and /y/
Liquids - CORRECT ANSWER consonant sounds characterized by a partial closure of the
vocal tract, allowing for the relatively free flow of air like /l/ and /r/
Voiced - CORRECT ANSWER sounds produced with vibration of the vocal cords
Unvoiced - CORRECT ANSWER sounds produced without vibration of the vocal cords
Decoding - CORRECT ANSWER the process of using knowledge of letter sound relationships
(grapheme phoneme correspondence) to translate written symbols (graphemes) into into spoken
language (phonemes) and recognize words
Practice Test Exam UPDATED ACTUAL
QUESTIONS AND CORRECT ANSWERS
Print awareness - CORRECT ANSWER the understanding that printed text carries meaning,
including the recognition of words, letters, and the functions of various elements in a book or written
material
Letter awareness - CORRECT ANSWER the understanding that letters are representations of
sounds
Book awareness - CORRECT ANSWER the understanding of how books work, including
concepts such as reading from left to right, turning pages, and recognizing the front and back cover
Concepts about print - CORRECT ANSWER the understanding of how printed materials, such
as books and other written texts, function and are structured
Phonological awareness - CORRECT ANSWER the ability to recognize and manipulate the
sounds of spoken language, including words, syllables, and phonemes (individual speech sounds),
without necessarily understanding the meaning of the words
Phonemic awareness - CORRECT ANSWER a subset of phonological awareness and
specifically refers to the ability to recognize and manipulate individual phonemes (speech sounds) in
spoken words
Syllables - CORRECT ANSWER units of sound within words that contain a single vowel
sound and may or may not be preceded or followed by consonant sounds
Onset - CORRECT ANSWER the initial consonant or consonant cluster of a syllable that comes
before the letter sound
Rime - CORRECT ANSWER the part of the syllable that consists of the vowel sound and any
consonant sounds that follow it
, Consonant - CORRECT ANSWER a speech sound produced by obstructing the flow of air
through the vocal tract
Vowel - CORRECT ANSWER a speech sound produced without significant constriction or
closure of the vocal tract
Stops - CORRECT ANSWER consonant sounds that produced by one push of breath and then
stopping the air including /p/, /b/, /t/, /d/, /k/, and /g/
Nasals - CORRECT ANSWER consonant sounds produced with the nasal passage open,
allowing air to escape through the nose, including /n/, /m/, and /ng/
Fricatives - CORRECT ANSWER consonants produced by forcing air through a narrow
opening or passage in the vocal tract creating friction, this includes /f/, /v/, /s/, /z/, /sh/, /zh/, and /th/
Affricatives - CORRECT ANSWER consonant sounds that begin as stops but are released as
fricatives, which involves a brief stoppage of airflow followed by a slow release with friction such as
the sounds /ch/ and /j/
Glides - CORRECT ANSWER consonant sounds that glide immediately into vowels, including
/h/, /w/, and /y/
Liquids - CORRECT ANSWER consonant sounds characterized by a partial closure of the
vocal tract, allowing for the relatively free flow of air like /l/ and /r/
Voiced - CORRECT ANSWER sounds produced with vibration of the vocal cords
Unvoiced - CORRECT ANSWER sounds produced without vibration of the vocal cords
Decoding - CORRECT ANSWER the process of using knowledge of letter sound relationships
(grapheme phoneme correspondence) to translate written symbols (graphemes) into into spoken
language (phonemes) and recognize words
