Final Exam Study Guide: Key Concepts and
Processes UPDATED ACTUAL QUESTIONS AND
CORRECT ANSWERS
Bar Graphs Graphs comparing different data sets visually.
Line Graphs Graphs showing variable changes over time.
Dependent Variable Observed variable changing in response to
independent variable.
Independent Variable Manipulated factor in an experiment.
Control Group Group exposed to all conditions except one
variable.
Macromolecules Large molecules essential for life functions.
, Carbohydrates Main energy source for living organisms.
Proteins Molecules that perform various cellular functions.
Lipids Energy-storing molecules and membrane
components.
Nucleic Acids Molecules storing and transmitting genetic
information.
Enzymes Proteins that speed up chemical reactions.
Characteristics of Living Organisms Traits distinguishing living from nonliving entities.
Cells Basic unit of life in all organisms.
Reproduction Ability to produce offspring or new individuals.
Genetic Code DNA instructions for organism development.
Homeostasis Maintenance of stable internal conditions.
Evolution Adaptation of species over generations.
Observation Using senses to gather information in experiments.
Hypothesis Tentative scientific explanation for testing.
Processes UPDATED ACTUAL QUESTIONS AND
CORRECT ANSWERS
Bar Graphs Graphs comparing different data sets visually.
Line Graphs Graphs showing variable changes over time.
Dependent Variable Observed variable changing in response to
independent variable.
Independent Variable Manipulated factor in an experiment.
Control Group Group exposed to all conditions except one
variable.
Macromolecules Large molecules essential for life functions.
, Carbohydrates Main energy source for living organisms.
Proteins Molecules that perform various cellular functions.
Lipids Energy-storing molecules and membrane
components.
Nucleic Acids Molecules storing and transmitting genetic
information.
Enzymes Proteins that speed up chemical reactions.
Characteristics of Living Organisms Traits distinguishing living from nonliving entities.
Cells Basic unit of life in all organisms.
Reproduction Ability to produce offspring or new individuals.
Genetic Code DNA instructions for organism development.
Homeostasis Maintenance of stable internal conditions.
Evolution Adaptation of species over generations.
Observation Using senses to gather information in experiments.
Hypothesis Tentative scientific explanation for testing.
