NUR 245 EXAM 2 UPDATED ACTUAL QUESTIONS AND CORRECT ANSWERS
What are the four main functions of skin? 1. protection
2. absorption
3. secretion
4. perception
What are the three layers of the skin? 1. epidermis
2. dermis
3. subcutaneous
What are the types of epidermal appendages? 1. hair
2. sebaceous and sweat glands
3. nails
What are the layers of epidermis? inner basal cell layer - forms new skin cells
outer horny cell layer - dead keratinized cells that determine skin color
What are the types of tissue present in the dermis? collagen (connective tissue)
elastic tissue
What is the purpose of the dermis? inner supportive layer
What are the two layers of the dermis? papillary
reticular
What is contained in the dermis? (6 items) 1. blood vessels
2. nerves
3. sebaceous glands
4. lymphatic vessels
5. hair follicles
6. sweat glands
What makes up the subcutaneous layer? fat, loose connective tissue
What are the 5 functions of the subcutaneous layer ? 1. provides insulation
2. caloric reserve storage
3. stores fat for energy
4. cushioning
5. contributes to skin mobility
What is the function of hair? 1. protects specific body areas
2. provides insulation
3. enables sensory communication to nervous system
4. contributes to gender identification
, What is vellus hair? fine, short, hypopigmented
located throughout most of body
What is terminal hair? darker, coarser
located on scalp, brows, eyelids
postpubertal-axillae, perineum, legs, chest and abdomen (men)
What are the 9 functions of the skin? 1. protection
2. prevents penetration
3. perception
4. thermoregulation
5. identification
6. communication
7. wound repair
8. absorption and excretion
9. production of vitamin D
What are three developmental considerations of -increased permeability --> increased susceptibility to fluid loss
newborn skin? -decreased thermoregulation (skin cannot protect against cold-unable to
contract and shiver, subQ layer is inefficient)
-eccrine glands not active until first few months of life
What are the developmental considerations of pubescent increased apocrine gland secretion (heat and emotional stimuli) --> BODY
skin? ODOR!!!
increased sebaceous glands --> acne development
What are the developmental considerations of skin during -increased metabolism
pregnancy? -increased sebaceous gland secretion
-striae gravidarum (stretch marks)
-chloasma (irregular brown patch of hyperpigmentation on face, "mask of
pregnancy")
-linea nigra (increased pigmentation midline abdomen)
-vascular spiders
What are the developmental considerations of geriatric -decreased elasticity with aging
skin? -decreased sebum = DRYNESS
-decreased perspiration
-decreased melanin=grey hair
-increased sunlight sensitivity
-thicker/more brittle nails
What are the four main functions of skin? 1. protection
2. absorption
3. secretion
4. perception
What are the three layers of the skin? 1. epidermis
2. dermis
3. subcutaneous
What are the types of epidermal appendages? 1. hair
2. sebaceous and sweat glands
3. nails
What are the layers of epidermis? inner basal cell layer - forms new skin cells
outer horny cell layer - dead keratinized cells that determine skin color
What are the types of tissue present in the dermis? collagen (connective tissue)
elastic tissue
What is the purpose of the dermis? inner supportive layer
What are the two layers of the dermis? papillary
reticular
What is contained in the dermis? (6 items) 1. blood vessels
2. nerves
3. sebaceous glands
4. lymphatic vessels
5. hair follicles
6. sweat glands
What makes up the subcutaneous layer? fat, loose connective tissue
What are the 5 functions of the subcutaneous layer ? 1. provides insulation
2. caloric reserve storage
3. stores fat for energy
4. cushioning
5. contributes to skin mobility
What is the function of hair? 1. protects specific body areas
2. provides insulation
3. enables sensory communication to nervous system
4. contributes to gender identification
, What is vellus hair? fine, short, hypopigmented
located throughout most of body
What is terminal hair? darker, coarser
located on scalp, brows, eyelids
postpubertal-axillae, perineum, legs, chest and abdomen (men)
What are the 9 functions of the skin? 1. protection
2. prevents penetration
3. perception
4. thermoregulation
5. identification
6. communication
7. wound repair
8. absorption and excretion
9. production of vitamin D
What are three developmental considerations of -increased permeability --> increased susceptibility to fluid loss
newborn skin? -decreased thermoregulation (skin cannot protect against cold-unable to
contract and shiver, subQ layer is inefficient)
-eccrine glands not active until first few months of life
What are the developmental considerations of pubescent increased apocrine gland secretion (heat and emotional stimuli) --> BODY
skin? ODOR!!!
increased sebaceous glands --> acne development
What are the developmental considerations of skin during -increased metabolism
pregnancy? -increased sebaceous gland secretion
-striae gravidarum (stretch marks)
-chloasma (irregular brown patch of hyperpigmentation on face, "mask of
pregnancy")
-linea nigra (increased pigmentation midline abdomen)
-vascular spiders
What are the developmental considerations of geriatric -decreased elasticity with aging
skin? -decreased sebum = DRYNESS
-decreased perspiration
-decreased melanin=grey hair
-increased sunlight sensitivity
-thicker/more brittle nails
