BIOL 4100 Exam 1 (Dr. Mehari - Auburn) Questions With
Complete Solutions
A protein domain is another phrase describing what type of
structure of a protein?
a. primary
b. secondary
c. tertiary
d. quaternary
e. none of these Correct Answers e. none of these
Aerobic oxidation Correct Answers - occurs in cytoplasm and
mitochondria
- sugars broken down into 2 pyruvate molecules
- pyruvate molecules imported into mitochondria
- during Krebs cycle, pyruvate undergoes oxidation to release
carbon molecules as CO2
All four possible reactions in the animation are energetically
favorable; the energy of the four products is lower than the
energy of the original starting molecule. Why does the starting
molecule not completely and quickly convert to its possible
products before the addition of heat or an enzyme?
a. An activation energy barrier exists that must be overcome for
conversion to products
b. The starting substrate does quickly convert to the four
products
c. The starting molecule can only form some of the products
quickly
,d. When heat was added to the reaction, only some of the
products were produced Correct Answers a. An activation
energy barrier exists that must be overcome for conversion to
products
Allosteric enzymes Correct Answers - have 2+ binding sites
that influence one another
- increase in ADP concentration locks nearly all of enzyme
molecules in active form
Amino acids in proteins are held together by ___ bonds Correct
Answers peptide
- formed by condensation reactions
Antibody affinity (affinity chromatography) Correct Answers
separates proteins based on where they bind; most sensitive type
of chromatography
Arabidposis thaliana as a model organism Correct Answers -
nearly 90% of all we know about plants comes from research on
Arabidposis
- short generation time
- ability to self-fertilize
- small genome
ATP cycle Correct Answers ATP is synthesized from ADP and
inorganic phosphate, and it releases energy when it is
hydrolyzed back to ADP and inorganic phosphate
,Boundary domain Correct Answers part of the inner membrane
of mitochondria; flat domain subjacent to outer membrane
Caenorhabditis elegans as a model organism Correct Answers -
small nematode worm that normally lives in soil
- transparent organism with short generation time
- first multicellular organism to have complete genome
sequenced
Carbon atoms cycle continuously through the biosphere. What is
a by-product of cell respiration, and what does this by-product
represent?
a. C6H12O6; completely oxidized carbon
b. CO2; completely oxidized carbon
c. CO2; a reduced version of carbon
d. C6H12O6; a reduced version of carbon Correct Answers b.
CO2; completely oxidized carbon
Carbon, which has four electrons in its outer shell (with a
capacity of eight electrons), can form a maximum of how many
covalent bonds with other atoms?
a. 8
b. 2
c. 4
d. 0 Correct Answers c. 4
Cells are mainly made of ___ Correct Answers water
, Chaperone proteins Correct Answers proteins that guide
folding of a newly synthesized polypeptide chain
- common ones: GroEL and GroES
Chemiosmosis Correct Answers proton-motive force generated
by proton pumping across a membrane powers ATP synthesis
Chlorophyll a and chlorophyll b as well as the accessory
pigments are arranged in an antenna array with a reaction center
chlorophyll. These antenna arrays with the reaction center
chlorophyll are known as ___.
a. photosystems
b. reaction center systems
c. photomembrane systems
d. Calvin systems Correct Answers a. photosystems
Citric acid cycle occurs in ___ Correct Answers mitochondrial
matrix
Compared to adding heat to the system, what is the advantage of
using an enzyme to overcome an energy barrier?
a. An enzyme generates multiple different products using
multiple pathways
b. An enzyme can catalyze a reaction in many different ways
c. An enzyme is specific for one desired pathway and end
product
Complete Solutions
A protein domain is another phrase describing what type of
structure of a protein?
a. primary
b. secondary
c. tertiary
d. quaternary
e. none of these Correct Answers e. none of these
Aerobic oxidation Correct Answers - occurs in cytoplasm and
mitochondria
- sugars broken down into 2 pyruvate molecules
- pyruvate molecules imported into mitochondria
- during Krebs cycle, pyruvate undergoes oxidation to release
carbon molecules as CO2
All four possible reactions in the animation are energetically
favorable; the energy of the four products is lower than the
energy of the original starting molecule. Why does the starting
molecule not completely and quickly convert to its possible
products before the addition of heat or an enzyme?
a. An activation energy barrier exists that must be overcome for
conversion to products
b. The starting substrate does quickly convert to the four
products
c. The starting molecule can only form some of the products
quickly
,d. When heat was added to the reaction, only some of the
products were produced Correct Answers a. An activation
energy barrier exists that must be overcome for conversion to
products
Allosteric enzymes Correct Answers - have 2+ binding sites
that influence one another
- increase in ADP concentration locks nearly all of enzyme
molecules in active form
Amino acids in proteins are held together by ___ bonds Correct
Answers peptide
- formed by condensation reactions
Antibody affinity (affinity chromatography) Correct Answers
separates proteins based on where they bind; most sensitive type
of chromatography
Arabidposis thaliana as a model organism Correct Answers -
nearly 90% of all we know about plants comes from research on
Arabidposis
- short generation time
- ability to self-fertilize
- small genome
ATP cycle Correct Answers ATP is synthesized from ADP and
inorganic phosphate, and it releases energy when it is
hydrolyzed back to ADP and inorganic phosphate
,Boundary domain Correct Answers part of the inner membrane
of mitochondria; flat domain subjacent to outer membrane
Caenorhabditis elegans as a model organism Correct Answers -
small nematode worm that normally lives in soil
- transparent organism with short generation time
- first multicellular organism to have complete genome
sequenced
Carbon atoms cycle continuously through the biosphere. What is
a by-product of cell respiration, and what does this by-product
represent?
a. C6H12O6; completely oxidized carbon
b. CO2; completely oxidized carbon
c. CO2; a reduced version of carbon
d. C6H12O6; a reduced version of carbon Correct Answers b.
CO2; completely oxidized carbon
Carbon, which has four electrons in its outer shell (with a
capacity of eight electrons), can form a maximum of how many
covalent bonds with other atoms?
a. 8
b. 2
c. 4
d. 0 Correct Answers c. 4
Cells are mainly made of ___ Correct Answers water
, Chaperone proteins Correct Answers proteins that guide
folding of a newly synthesized polypeptide chain
- common ones: GroEL and GroES
Chemiosmosis Correct Answers proton-motive force generated
by proton pumping across a membrane powers ATP synthesis
Chlorophyll a and chlorophyll b as well as the accessory
pigments are arranged in an antenna array with a reaction center
chlorophyll. These antenna arrays with the reaction center
chlorophyll are known as ___.
a. photosystems
b. reaction center systems
c. photomembrane systems
d. Calvin systems Correct Answers a. photosystems
Citric acid cycle occurs in ___ Correct Answers mitochondrial
matrix
Compared to adding heat to the system, what is the advantage of
using an enzyme to overcome an energy barrier?
a. An enzyme generates multiple different products using
multiple pathways
b. An enzyme can catalyze a reaction in many different ways
c. An enzyme is specific for one desired pathway and end
product
