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BIOD 210 GENETICS FINAL PRACTICE
EXAM 2026 ALL QUESTIONS AND
CORRECT DETAILED ANSWERS ALREADY
A GRADED |NEW AND REVISED
What is mitosis? - ANSWER- cell division of one cell into 2 exact
duplicates
What are the six stages of Mitosis in order? - ANSWER- interphase,
prophase, prometaphase, metaphase, anaphase, telophase and
cytokinesis
What happens during mitosis interphase? - ANSWER- mitosis stage that
the cell is primarily in
Chromosomes are uncondensed, so they are just hanging out in the
nucleus
1 centrosome < 2 centrioles
What happens during interphase s-phase? - ANSWER- Centrosome
replication ( 2 centrosomes < 4 centrioles) occurs and chromosome
replication occurs (still uncondensed)
What happens during mitosis prophase? - ANSWER- centrioles move to
opposite ends of the cell using spindle fibers
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Nuclear membrane breaks down
Chromatin (DNA) condenses into chromosomes (the "x"'s); bound by a
kinetochore that attracts mitotic spindle fibers
What happens during mitosis prometaphase? - ANSWER- centrioles
have reached polar regions and mitotic spindle fibers have connected to
the kinetochore
What happens during mitosis metaphase - ANSWER- all chromosomes
are lined up on the metaphase plate
What happens during mitosis Anaphase? - ANSWER- mitotic spindle
fibers pull chromosomes apart into chromatids (4n)
What happens during mitosis telophase? - ANSWER- nuclear envelope
reforms
Plasmo-membrane is pinched; sister chromatids are still condensed at
this point
What happens during cytokinesis? - ANSWER- cells split off; genetic
material becomes uncondensed
What happens during Meiosis? - ANSWER- Division of one diploid cell
to yield 4 haploid cells that are completely different
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What happens during Meiosis 1? - ANSWER- 1. Homologous
chromosomes pair to form tetrads.
2. Crossing over (exchange of sections of genetic material) occurs at
chiasmata.
3. Cell divides into two. Homologous chromosomes separate randomly.
Each cell contains either maternal or paternal copy. (1 diploids becomes
2 haploid)
What happens during Meiosis 2? - ANSWER- 1. Independent
segregation of sister chromatids.
2. Each cell divides again, producing 4 haploid cells.
What are the three theories of DNA Replication? - ANSWER- semi-
conservative(parent strands split and are used as templates for new DNA
+ it binds to the new DNA), conservative(parents split to make new
strands and then rejoin with each other), dispersive(old and new DNA
strands randomly join together
What did the Meselson-Stahl experiment suggest was the correct theory
of DNA Replication? - ANSWER- semi-conservative
Describe the Meselson-Stahl experiment - ANSWER- 1. Bacteria were
grown in a medium containing heavy isotope 15N for many generations.
2. Some bacteria were moved to a medium containing light isotope 14N.
Samples were extracted after 1 & 2 cycles of DNA replication.
BIOD 210 GENETICS FINAL PRACTICE
EXAM 2026 ALL QUESTIONS AND
CORRECT DETAILED ANSWERS ALREADY
A GRADED |NEW AND REVISED
What is mitosis? - ANSWER- cell division of one cell into 2 exact
duplicates
What are the six stages of Mitosis in order? - ANSWER- interphase,
prophase, prometaphase, metaphase, anaphase, telophase and
cytokinesis
What happens during mitosis interphase? - ANSWER- mitosis stage that
the cell is primarily in
Chromosomes are uncondensed, so they are just hanging out in the
nucleus
1 centrosome < 2 centrioles
What happens during interphase s-phase? - ANSWER- Centrosome
replication ( 2 centrosomes < 4 centrioles) occurs and chromosome
replication occurs (still uncondensed)
What happens during mitosis prophase? - ANSWER- centrioles move to
opposite ends of the cell using spindle fibers
,2|Page
Nuclear membrane breaks down
Chromatin (DNA) condenses into chromosomes (the "x"'s); bound by a
kinetochore that attracts mitotic spindle fibers
What happens during mitosis prometaphase? - ANSWER- centrioles
have reached polar regions and mitotic spindle fibers have connected to
the kinetochore
What happens during mitosis metaphase - ANSWER- all chromosomes
are lined up on the metaphase plate
What happens during mitosis Anaphase? - ANSWER- mitotic spindle
fibers pull chromosomes apart into chromatids (4n)
What happens during mitosis telophase? - ANSWER- nuclear envelope
reforms
Plasmo-membrane is pinched; sister chromatids are still condensed at
this point
What happens during cytokinesis? - ANSWER- cells split off; genetic
material becomes uncondensed
What happens during Meiosis? - ANSWER- Division of one diploid cell
to yield 4 haploid cells that are completely different
, 3|Page
What happens during Meiosis 1? - ANSWER- 1. Homologous
chromosomes pair to form tetrads.
2. Crossing over (exchange of sections of genetic material) occurs at
chiasmata.
3. Cell divides into two. Homologous chromosomes separate randomly.
Each cell contains either maternal or paternal copy. (1 diploids becomes
2 haploid)
What happens during Meiosis 2? - ANSWER- 1. Independent
segregation of sister chromatids.
2. Each cell divides again, producing 4 haploid cells.
What are the three theories of DNA Replication? - ANSWER- semi-
conservative(parent strands split and are used as templates for new DNA
+ it binds to the new DNA), conservative(parents split to make new
strands and then rejoin with each other), dispersive(old and new DNA
strands randomly join together
What did the Meselson-Stahl experiment suggest was the correct theory
of DNA Replication? - ANSWER- semi-conservative
Describe the Meselson-Stahl experiment - ANSWER- 1. Bacteria were
grown in a medium containing heavy isotope 15N for many generations.
2. Some bacteria were moved to a medium containing light isotope 14N.
Samples were extracted after 1 & 2 cycles of DNA replication.
