NEUROSCIENCE UPDATED EXAMS TEST PAPER
QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS SURE A+
✔✔Hypothalamus - ✔✔nuclei that form floor of third ventricle; important for auntonomic
nervous system, endocrine system, controls functions for homeostasis
✔✔Hippocampus - ✔✔seahorse shaped; structure in medial temporal lobe that receives
info from a wide range of cortex from regions near the temporal lobe; involved in
learning, memory, memory of locations, episodic memory
✔✔Amygdala - ✔✔groups of neurons anterior to the hippocampus in the medial
temporal lobe that are involved in emotional processing-- fear, emotional events
✔✔caudate - ✔✔feedback processor which uses information from experiences to
influence present experiences
✔✔Putamen - ✔✔regulates movements and various learning, near caudate nucleus
✔✔insula - ✔✔part of cortex that processes gustatory information
✔✔brain stem - ✔✔region of nervous system that contains motor and sensory nuclei,
nuclei of modulatory neurotransmitter systems, and whote matter tracts of ascending
sensory information and descending motor signals
, ✔✔Cerebellum - ✔✔large highly infolded structure located dorsal to the brain stem.
maintains interconnectivity with widespread structures and plays a role in coordination
in locomotion and skilled, volitional movement
✔✔Pons - ✔✔region that includes tegemental regions on the fourth ventricle floor, fiber
tracts intersperesed with pontine nuclei; primary sensory nuclei groups for auditory and
vestibular inputs, somatosensory inputs and motor nuclei projecting to the face and
mouth; breathing, communication between different parts of the brain, and sensations
such as hearing, taste, and balance
✔✔Medulla - ✔✔brainstems most caudal portion; continuous with spinal cord; gracile
and cuneate nuclei which relay somatosensory info from the spinal cord to the brain;
sensory and motor nuclei; respiration, circulation
✔✔spinal cord - ✔✔Nerves that run up and down the length of the back and transmit
most messages between the body and brain; Its three major roles are to relay
messages from the brain to different parts of the body, to perform an action, to pass
along messages from sensory receptors to the brain, and to coordinate reflexes that are
managed by the spinal cord alone.
✔✔fornix - ✔✔The fornix is a C-shaped bundle of nerve fibers in the brain that acts as
the major output tract of the hippocampus. The fornix also carries some afferent fibres
to the hippocampus from structures in the diencephalon and basal forebrain. The fornix
is part of the limbic system
✔✔septum pellucidum - ✔✔thin membrane that separates lateral ventricles; runs from
corpus callosun to fornix
✔✔cortex - ✔✔outermost covering of the brain consisting of 5-6 layers of laminae cells
that vary in thickness
✔✔superior frontal gyrus - ✔✔the frontal lobe gyrus that runs horizontally along the top
of the lobe
✔✔inferior frontal gyrus - ✔✔the frontal lobe gyrus that is located just inferior to the
middle frontal gyrus
✔✔middle frontal gyrus - ✔✔the frontal lobe gyrus that is located between the superior
and inferior frontal gyri
✔✔superior temporal gyrus - ✔✔hearing and understanding speech (wernicke's area),
processing frequencys and amplitutdes
QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS SURE A+
✔✔Hypothalamus - ✔✔nuclei that form floor of third ventricle; important for auntonomic
nervous system, endocrine system, controls functions for homeostasis
✔✔Hippocampus - ✔✔seahorse shaped; structure in medial temporal lobe that receives
info from a wide range of cortex from regions near the temporal lobe; involved in
learning, memory, memory of locations, episodic memory
✔✔Amygdala - ✔✔groups of neurons anterior to the hippocampus in the medial
temporal lobe that are involved in emotional processing-- fear, emotional events
✔✔caudate - ✔✔feedback processor which uses information from experiences to
influence present experiences
✔✔Putamen - ✔✔regulates movements and various learning, near caudate nucleus
✔✔insula - ✔✔part of cortex that processes gustatory information
✔✔brain stem - ✔✔region of nervous system that contains motor and sensory nuclei,
nuclei of modulatory neurotransmitter systems, and whote matter tracts of ascending
sensory information and descending motor signals
, ✔✔Cerebellum - ✔✔large highly infolded structure located dorsal to the brain stem.
maintains interconnectivity with widespread structures and plays a role in coordination
in locomotion and skilled, volitional movement
✔✔Pons - ✔✔region that includes tegemental regions on the fourth ventricle floor, fiber
tracts intersperesed with pontine nuclei; primary sensory nuclei groups for auditory and
vestibular inputs, somatosensory inputs and motor nuclei projecting to the face and
mouth; breathing, communication between different parts of the brain, and sensations
such as hearing, taste, and balance
✔✔Medulla - ✔✔brainstems most caudal portion; continuous with spinal cord; gracile
and cuneate nuclei which relay somatosensory info from the spinal cord to the brain;
sensory and motor nuclei; respiration, circulation
✔✔spinal cord - ✔✔Nerves that run up and down the length of the back and transmit
most messages between the body and brain; Its three major roles are to relay
messages from the brain to different parts of the body, to perform an action, to pass
along messages from sensory receptors to the brain, and to coordinate reflexes that are
managed by the spinal cord alone.
✔✔fornix - ✔✔The fornix is a C-shaped bundle of nerve fibers in the brain that acts as
the major output tract of the hippocampus. The fornix also carries some afferent fibres
to the hippocampus from structures in the diencephalon and basal forebrain. The fornix
is part of the limbic system
✔✔septum pellucidum - ✔✔thin membrane that separates lateral ventricles; runs from
corpus callosun to fornix
✔✔cortex - ✔✔outermost covering of the brain consisting of 5-6 layers of laminae cells
that vary in thickness
✔✔superior frontal gyrus - ✔✔the frontal lobe gyrus that runs horizontally along the top
of the lobe
✔✔inferior frontal gyrus - ✔✔the frontal lobe gyrus that is located just inferior to the
middle frontal gyrus
✔✔middle frontal gyrus - ✔✔the frontal lobe gyrus that is located between the superior
and inferior frontal gyri
✔✔superior temporal gyrus - ✔✔hearing and understanding speech (wernicke's area),
processing frequencys and amplitutdes
