NSG 530 Advanced Pathophysiology Exam 3 | Actual Exam
Questions with Correct Answers (100% Accurate) |2026
Qns & Ans | Guaranteed A+ (MOST RECENT!!!)
A patient is diagnosed with a kidney stone that is composed of magnesium, ammonium, and
phosphate. What type of urinary calculus is this?
A) Calcium
B) Struvite
C) Uric acid
D) Indinavir - 🧠CORRECT ANS✔✔- B) Struvite
A patient has uncontrolled or premature contractions of the detrusor muscle. Which condition is
associated with this medical problem?
A) Spinal cord injury
B) Immune system dysfunction
C) Congestive heart failure
D) Renal carcinoma - 🧠CORRECT ANS✔✔- A) Spinal cord injury
Which statement regarding renal cell carcinoma is correct?
A) It is associated with p53.
B) Symptoms include painless hematuria.
C) Early stages produce a large abdominal mass.
D) Granular cell tumors have better prognosis. - 🧠CORRECT ANS✔✔- B) Symptoms include painless
hematuria.
A patient who reports abdominal and back pain has been diagnosed with bacteria in the urine. What
is the appropriate term for involvement of the upper urinary tract that is likely to cause such
symptoms?
A) Cystitis
B) Pyelonephritis
Page 1 of 73
,C) Urinary tract infection
D) Asymptomatic bacteriuria - 🧠CORRECT ANS✔✔- B) Pyelonephritis
With which bacteria is acute glomerulonephritis associated?
A) Escherichia coli
B) Staphylococcus
C) Group A Streptococcus
D) Klebsiella - 🧠CORRECT ANS✔✔- C) Group A Streptococcus
A diabetic child with 4.0 g of protein in her urine each day is experiencing edema and vitamin D
deficiency. Which is the most likely diagnosis?
A) Nephritic syndrome
B) Nephrotic syndrome
C) Acute renal failure
D) Rapidly progressive glomerulonephritis - 🧠CORRECT ANS✔✔- Nephrotic syndrome
A 2-month-old male patient presents with the urethral opening on the dorsal surface of the penis.
Which term is the correct name for this anomaly?
A) Hypospadias
B) Epispadias
C) Exstrophy
D) Ureteropelvic junction - 🧠CORRECT ANS✔✔- Epispadias
A patient presents with wide-set eyes, "parrot beak" nose, low-set ears, and receding chin. What is
the renal manifestation associated with this presentation?
A) Potter syndrome
B) Polycystic kidney disease
C) Infundibular stenosis
D) Megacalycosis - 🧠CORRECT ANS✔✔- Potter syndrome
Page 2 of 73
,A 6-year-old has just recovered from streptococcal pharyngitis. Which statement regarding this child's
acute poststreptococcal glomerulonephritis is true?
A) Antibody-antigen complexes of IgM, IgG, and IgA are deposited.
B) The exact mechanism of immune complexes is unknown.
C) There is decreased vascular permeability.
D) No signs of inflammation are present. - 🧠CORRECT ANS✔✔- The exact mechanism of immune
complexes is unknown.
A patient presents with skin lesions as well as hematuria, proteinuria, and abdominal pain. Which is
the most likely cause of these symptoms?
A) Henoch-Schonlein purpura
B) Hemolytic uremic syndrome
C) Primary nephrotic syndrome
D) Minimal change nephropathy - 🧠CORRECT ANS✔✔- Henoch-Schonlein purpura
What is the cause of minimal change nephropathy?
A) Fusion of the glomerular foot processes
B) Verotoxin of E. coli
C) IgA deposition
D) Inflammation of the glomeruli - 🧠CORRECT ANS✔✔- Fusion of the glomerular foot processes
A child whose kidneys are enlarged presents with chills, fever, and abdominal pain. The most likely
diagnosis is:
A) acute pyelonephritis.
B) vesicoureteral reflux.
C) urinary tract infection.
D) enuresis. - 🧠CORRECT ANS✔✔- acute pyelonephritis
Page 3 of 73
, What are the major causes of bladder outlet obstruction?
A) Urethral valves and polyps
B) Kidney stones and Wilms' tumor
C) Kidney stones and warts
D) Urethral valves and warts - 🧠CORRECT ANS✔✔- Urethral valves and polyps
Which conditions are complications of a horseshoe kidney? (select all that apply)
A) Hydronephrosis
B) Hypospadias
C) Infection
D) Stone formation
E) Enuresis - 🧠CORRECT ANS✔✔- Hydronephrosis
Infection
Stone formation
The development of which characteristic is the first sign of puberty in females?
A) Menarche
B) Pubic hair
C) Thelarche
D) Dysmenorrhea - 🧠CORRECT ANS✔✔- Thelarche
Which term describes painful menstruation associated with the release of prostaglandins in ovulatory
cycles?
A) Primary dysmenorrhea
B) Primary amenorrhea
C) Secondary dysmenorrhea
D) Secondary amenorrhea - 🧠CORRECT ANS✔✔- Primary dysmenorrhea
Page 4 of 73
Questions with Correct Answers (100% Accurate) |2026
Qns & Ans | Guaranteed A+ (MOST RECENT!!!)
A patient is diagnosed with a kidney stone that is composed of magnesium, ammonium, and
phosphate. What type of urinary calculus is this?
A) Calcium
B) Struvite
C) Uric acid
D) Indinavir - 🧠CORRECT ANS✔✔- B) Struvite
A patient has uncontrolled or premature contractions of the detrusor muscle. Which condition is
associated with this medical problem?
A) Spinal cord injury
B) Immune system dysfunction
C) Congestive heart failure
D) Renal carcinoma - 🧠CORRECT ANS✔✔- A) Spinal cord injury
Which statement regarding renal cell carcinoma is correct?
A) It is associated with p53.
B) Symptoms include painless hematuria.
C) Early stages produce a large abdominal mass.
D) Granular cell tumors have better prognosis. - 🧠CORRECT ANS✔✔- B) Symptoms include painless
hematuria.
A patient who reports abdominal and back pain has been diagnosed with bacteria in the urine. What
is the appropriate term for involvement of the upper urinary tract that is likely to cause such
symptoms?
A) Cystitis
B) Pyelonephritis
Page 1 of 73
,C) Urinary tract infection
D) Asymptomatic bacteriuria - 🧠CORRECT ANS✔✔- B) Pyelonephritis
With which bacteria is acute glomerulonephritis associated?
A) Escherichia coli
B) Staphylococcus
C) Group A Streptococcus
D) Klebsiella - 🧠CORRECT ANS✔✔- C) Group A Streptococcus
A diabetic child with 4.0 g of protein in her urine each day is experiencing edema and vitamin D
deficiency. Which is the most likely diagnosis?
A) Nephritic syndrome
B) Nephrotic syndrome
C) Acute renal failure
D) Rapidly progressive glomerulonephritis - 🧠CORRECT ANS✔✔- Nephrotic syndrome
A 2-month-old male patient presents with the urethral opening on the dorsal surface of the penis.
Which term is the correct name for this anomaly?
A) Hypospadias
B) Epispadias
C) Exstrophy
D) Ureteropelvic junction - 🧠CORRECT ANS✔✔- Epispadias
A patient presents with wide-set eyes, "parrot beak" nose, low-set ears, and receding chin. What is
the renal manifestation associated with this presentation?
A) Potter syndrome
B) Polycystic kidney disease
C) Infundibular stenosis
D) Megacalycosis - 🧠CORRECT ANS✔✔- Potter syndrome
Page 2 of 73
,A 6-year-old has just recovered from streptococcal pharyngitis. Which statement regarding this child's
acute poststreptococcal glomerulonephritis is true?
A) Antibody-antigen complexes of IgM, IgG, and IgA are deposited.
B) The exact mechanism of immune complexes is unknown.
C) There is decreased vascular permeability.
D) No signs of inflammation are present. - 🧠CORRECT ANS✔✔- The exact mechanism of immune
complexes is unknown.
A patient presents with skin lesions as well as hematuria, proteinuria, and abdominal pain. Which is
the most likely cause of these symptoms?
A) Henoch-Schonlein purpura
B) Hemolytic uremic syndrome
C) Primary nephrotic syndrome
D) Minimal change nephropathy - 🧠CORRECT ANS✔✔- Henoch-Schonlein purpura
What is the cause of minimal change nephropathy?
A) Fusion of the glomerular foot processes
B) Verotoxin of E. coli
C) IgA deposition
D) Inflammation of the glomeruli - 🧠CORRECT ANS✔✔- Fusion of the glomerular foot processes
A child whose kidneys are enlarged presents with chills, fever, and abdominal pain. The most likely
diagnosis is:
A) acute pyelonephritis.
B) vesicoureteral reflux.
C) urinary tract infection.
D) enuresis. - 🧠CORRECT ANS✔✔- acute pyelonephritis
Page 3 of 73
, What are the major causes of bladder outlet obstruction?
A) Urethral valves and polyps
B) Kidney stones and Wilms' tumor
C) Kidney stones and warts
D) Urethral valves and warts - 🧠CORRECT ANS✔✔- Urethral valves and polyps
Which conditions are complications of a horseshoe kidney? (select all that apply)
A) Hydronephrosis
B) Hypospadias
C) Infection
D) Stone formation
E) Enuresis - 🧠CORRECT ANS✔✔- Hydronephrosis
Infection
Stone formation
The development of which characteristic is the first sign of puberty in females?
A) Menarche
B) Pubic hair
C) Thelarche
D) Dysmenorrhea - 🧠CORRECT ANS✔✔- Thelarche
Which term describes painful menstruation associated with the release of prostaglandins in ovulatory
cycles?
A) Primary dysmenorrhea
B) Primary amenorrhea
C) Secondary dysmenorrhea
D) Secondary amenorrhea - 🧠CORRECT ANS✔✔- Primary dysmenorrhea
Page 4 of 73
