TESTBANK FOR mcCANCE AND HUETHER’S
cf cf cf cf
PATHOPHYSIOLOGY: The Biological Basis for Diseases in
cf cf cf cf cf cf cf
cf Adults and Children 9th Edition/All Chapters/Complete Guide
cf cf cf cf cf cf
2026-2027 cf
, Chapter 1: Cellular Biology
cf cf cf
MULTIPLE CHOICE cf
1. Which statement best describes the cellular function of metabolic absorption?
cf cf cf cf cf cf cf cf cf
a. Cells can produce proteins. c. Cells can take in and use nutrients.
cf cf cf cf cf cf cf cf cf
b. Cells can secrete digestive enzymes. d. Cells can synthesize fats.
cf cf cf cf c f cf cf cf
ACCURATE ANSWER:-C cf
Reasoning:->>>In metabolic absorption, all cells take in and use nutrients and other cf cf cf cf cf cf cf cf cf cf cf
substances from their surroundings. The remaining options are not inclusive in their
cf cf cf cf cf cf cf cf cf cf cf cf
descriptions of cellular metabolic absorption.
cf cf cf cf cf
PTS: c f c f 1 REF: c f PG 2 cf
2. Most of a cell’s genetic information, including RNA and DNA, is contained in the:
cf cf cf cf cf cf cf cf cf cf cf cf cf
a. Mitochondria c. Nucleolus
b. Ribosome d. Lysosome c f c f
ACCURATE ANSWER:-C cf
Reasoning:->>>The nucleus contains the nucleolus, a small dense structure composed cf cf cf cf cf cf cf cf cf
largely of RNA, most of the cellular DNA, and the DNA-binding proteins, such as the
cf cf cf cf cf cf cf cf cf cf cf cf cf cf cf
histones, which regulate its activity. The other options do not contain most of a cell’s
cf cf cf cf cf cf cf cf cf cf cf cf cf cf cf
genetic information.
cf cf
PTS: c f c f 1 REF: c f PG 2 cf
3. Which component of the cell prodNuUceRsS IhNyGd TroBg. CenO M
cf p eroxide (H2O2) by using oxygen
cf cf cf cf cf cf cf cf
to remove hydrogen atoms from specific substrates in an oxidative reaction?
cf cf cf cf cf cf cf cf cf cf cf
a. Lysosomes c. Ribosomes
b. Peroxisomes d. Oxyhydrosomes c f
ACCURATE ANSWER:-B cf
Reasoning:->>>Peroxisomes are so named because they usually contain enzymes that cf cf cf cf cf cf cf cf cf
use oxygen to remove hydrogen atoms from specific substrates in an oxidative reaction
cf cf cf cf cf cf cf cf cf cf cf cf cf
that produces H2O2, which is a powerful oxidant and potentially destructive if it
cf cf cf cf cf cf cf cf cf cf cf cf cf
accumulates or escapes from peroxisomes. Ribosomes are RNA-protein complexes
cf cf cf cf cf cf cf cf cf
(nucleoproteins) that are synthesized in the nucleolus and secreted into the cytoplasm
cf cf cf cf cf cf cf cf cf cf cf cf
through pores in the nuclear envelope called nuclear pore complexes. Lysosomes are
cf cf cf cf cf cf cf cf cf cf cf cf
saclike structures that originate from the Golgi complex and contain more than 40
cf cf cf cf cf cf cf cf cf cf cf cf cf
digestive enzymes called hydrolases, which catalyze bonds in proteins, lipids, nucleic
cf cf cf cf cf cf cf cf cf cf cf
acids, and carbohydrates. Oxyhydrosomes are involved in enzyme production.
cf cf cf cf cf cf cf cf cf
PTS: c f c f 1 REF: c f PG 8 cf
4. Which cell component is capable of cellular autodigestion when it is released during
cf cf cf cf cf cf cf cf cf cf cf cf
cell injury?
cf cf
a. Ribosome c. Smooth endoplasmic reticulum cf cf
b. Golgi complex cf d. Lysosomesc f
ACCURATE ANSWER:-D cf
, Reasoning:->>>The lysosomal membrane acts as a protective shield between the cf cf cf cf cf cf cf cf cf
powerful digestive enzymes within the lysosome and the cytoplasm, blocking their
cf cf cf cf cf cf cf cf cf cf cf
leakage into the cytoplasmic matrix. Disruption of the membrane by various treatments
cf cf cf cf cf cf cf cf cf cf cf cf
or cellular injury leads to a release of the lysosomal enzymes, which can then react
cf cf cf cf cf cf cf cf cf cf cf cf cf cf cf
with their specific substrates, causing cellular self-digestion. The other options do not
cf cf cf cf cf cf cf cf cf cf cf cf
correctly describe this process.
cf cf cf cf
PTS: c f c f 1 REF: c f PGs 7-8 cf
5. What is the sequence of steps in the development of a digestive enzyme by the
cf cf cf cf cf cf cf cf cf cf cf cf cf cf
cf pancreas cells from the initial transcription to the release from the cell?
cf cf cf cf cf cf cf cf cf cf cf
a. The enzyme is transcribed from DNA by RNA in the nucleus, proceeds to
cf cf cf cf cf cf cf cf cf cf cf cf
the ribosome for synthesis, and is conducted in a secretory vesicle to the
cf cf cf cf cf cf cf cf cf cf cf cf cf
cell membrane.
cf cf
b. The enzyme is transcribed from RNA by DNA in the nucleus, proceeds to the
cf cf cf cf cf cf cf cf cf cf cf cf cf
lysosome for synthesis, and is conducted in an encapsulated membrane to the
cf cf cf cf cf cf cf cf cf cf cf cf
cell membrane.
cf cf
c. The enzyme is transcribed by the mitochondria in the nucleus, proceeds to the
cf cf cf cf cf cf cf cf cf cf cf cf
ribosome for synthesis, and is conducted in a cytoskeleton to the cell
cf cf cf cf cf cf cf cf cf cf cf cf
membrane.cf
d. The enzyme is transcribed from DNA by RNA in the nucleus, proceeds to the
cf cf cf cf cf cf cf cf cf cf cf cf cf
Golgi complex for synthesis, and is conducted in a cytosol to the cell
cf cf cf cf cf cf cf cf cf cf cf cf cf
membrane.cf
ACCURATE ANSWER:-A cf
Reasoning:->>>The enzyme is transcribed from DNA by RNA in the nucleus, cf cf cf cf cf cf cf cf cf cf
proceeds to the ribosome for synthesis, and is conducted in a secretory vesicle to the
cf cf cf cf cf cf cf cf cf cf cf cf cf cf cf
cell membrane. The other options do not correctly describe this process.
cf cf cf cf cf cf cf cf cf cf cf
PTS: c f c f 1 REF: c f PG 7 | Figure 1-5 cf cf cf cf
6. During which phase of the cell cycle is DNA synthesized?
cf cf cf cf cf cf cf cf cf
a. G1 c. G2
b. S d. M c f
ACCURATE ANSWER:-B cf
Reasoning:->>>The four designated phases of the cell cycle are: (1) the G1 phase (G = cf cf cf cf cf cf cf cf cf cf cf cf cf cf
gap), which is the period between the M phase (M = mitosis) and the start of DNA
cf cf cf cf cf cf cf cf cf cf cf cf cf cf cf cf cf
synthesis; (2) the S phase (S = synthesis), during which DNA is synthesized in the cell
cf cf cf cf cf cf cf cf cf cf cf cf cf cf cf cf
nucleus; (3) the G2 phase, during which RNA and protein synthesis occurs, the period
cf cf cf cf cf cf cf cf cf cf cf cf cf cf
between the completion of DNA synthesis and the next phase (M); and (4) the M
cf cf cf cf cf cf cf cf cf cf cf cf cf cf cf
phase, which includes nuclear and cytoplasmic division.
cf cf cf cf cf cf cf
PTS: c f c f 1 REF: c f PG 37 cf
7. What organic compound facilitates transportation across cell membranes by acting
cf cf cf cf cf cf cf cf cf
as receptors, transportation/transport channels for electrolytes, and enzymes to
cf cf cf cf cf cf cf cf cf
drive active pumps?
cf cf cf
a. Lipids c. Proteins
b. Proteases d. Carbohydrates c f
ACCURATE ANSWER:-C cf
, Reasoning:->>>Proteins act as (1) recognition and binding units (receptors) for cf cf cf cf cf cf cf cf cf
substances moving in and out of the cell; (2) pores or transportation/transport channels
cf cf cf cf cf cf cf cf cf cf cf cf cf
for various electrically charged particles called ions or electrolytes and specific carriers
cf cf cf cf cf cf cf cf cf cf cf cf
for amino acids and monosaccharides; and
cf cf cf cf cf cf
(3) specific enzymes that drive active pumps that promote the concentration of certain
cf cf cf cf cf cf cf cf cf cf cf cf
ions, particularly potassium (K+), within the cell while keeping concentrations of other
cf cf cf cf cf cf cf cf cf cf cf cf
ions, for example, sodium (Na+), below the concentrations found in the extracellular
cf cf cf cf cf cf cf cf cf cf cf cf
environment. The other options do not correctly describe this process.
cf cf cf cf cf cf cf cf cf cf
PTS: c f c f 1 REF: c f PG 13 | PG 15 cf cf cf cf
8. Understanding the various steps of proteolytic cascades, such as caspase-mediated cf cf cf cf cf cf cf cf cf
apoptosis and complement cascades, may be useful in designing drug therapy for
cf cf cf cf cf cf cf cf cf cf cf cf
which human diseases?
cf cf cf
a. Cardiac and vascular disorders cf cf cf
b. Autoimmune and malignant disorders cf cf cf
c. Gastrointestinal and renal disorders cf cf cf
d. Endocrine and gastrointestinal disorders cf cf cf
ACCURATE ANSWER:-B cf
Reasoning:->>>Understanding the various steps involved in this process is crucial for cf cf cf cf cf cf cf cf cf cf
designing drug interventions. Dysregulation of proteases features prominently in many
cf cf cf cf cf cf cf cf cf cf
human diseases, including cancer, autoimmunity, and neurodegenerative disorders. The
cf cf cf cf cf cf cf cf cf
other options do not correctly describe this process.
cf cf cf cf cf cf cf cf
PTS: c f c f 1 REF: cf cf PG 15 cf
9. Which structure blocks water-soluble molecules from entering cells across the plasma
cf
cf cf cf cf cf cf cf cf cf cf
membrane?
a. Carbohydrate chains cf c. Membrane channel proteins cf cf
b. Glycoprotein channels cf d. Lipid bilayer
c f cf
ACCURATE ANSWER:-D cf
Reasoning:->>>The bilayer’s structure accounts for one of the essential functions of cf cf cf cf cf cf cf cf cf cf
the plasma membrane. It is impermeable to most water-soluble molecules (molecules
cf cf cf cf cf cf cf cf cf cf cf
that dissolve in water) because the water-soluble molecules are insoluble in the oily
cf cf cf cf cf cf cf cf cf cf cf cf cf
core region. The bilayer serves as a barrier to the diffusion of water and hydrophilic
cf cf cf cf cf cf cf cf cf cf cf cf cf cf cf
substances while allowing lipid-soluble molecules, such as oxygen (O2) and carbon
cf cf cf cf cf cf cf cf cf cf cf
dioxide (CO2), to diffuse through it readily. The other options do not correctly
cf cf cf cf cf cf cf cf cf cf cf cf cf
describe this process.
cf cf cf
PTS: c f c f 1 REF: c f PGs 12-13 cf
10. The fluid mosaic model explains:
cf cf cf cf
a. How a cell membrane functions cf cf cf cf
b. Why our bodies appear to be solid cf cf cf cf cf cf
c. How tissue is differentiated cf cf cf
d. How fluid moves between the intracellular and extracellular compartments
cf cf cf cf cf cf cf cf
ACCURATE ANSWER:-A cf
Reasoning:->>>The fluid mosaic model accounts for the flexibility of cellular membranes, cf cf cf cf cf cf cf cf cf cf
their
cf
self-sealing properties, and their impermeability to many substances. The remaining
cf cf cf cf cf cf cf cf cf
options do not explain the mosaic model.
cf cf cf cf cf cf cf
cf cf cf cf
PATHOPHYSIOLOGY: The Biological Basis for Diseases in
cf cf cf cf cf cf cf
cf Adults and Children 9th Edition/All Chapters/Complete Guide
cf cf cf cf cf cf
2026-2027 cf
, Chapter 1: Cellular Biology
cf cf cf
MULTIPLE CHOICE cf
1. Which statement best describes the cellular function of metabolic absorption?
cf cf cf cf cf cf cf cf cf
a. Cells can produce proteins. c. Cells can take in and use nutrients.
cf cf cf cf cf cf cf cf cf
b. Cells can secrete digestive enzymes. d. Cells can synthesize fats.
cf cf cf cf c f cf cf cf
ACCURATE ANSWER:-C cf
Reasoning:->>>In metabolic absorption, all cells take in and use nutrients and other cf cf cf cf cf cf cf cf cf cf cf
substances from their surroundings. The remaining options are not inclusive in their
cf cf cf cf cf cf cf cf cf cf cf cf
descriptions of cellular metabolic absorption.
cf cf cf cf cf
PTS: c f c f 1 REF: c f PG 2 cf
2. Most of a cell’s genetic information, including RNA and DNA, is contained in the:
cf cf cf cf cf cf cf cf cf cf cf cf cf
a. Mitochondria c. Nucleolus
b. Ribosome d. Lysosome c f c f
ACCURATE ANSWER:-C cf
Reasoning:->>>The nucleus contains the nucleolus, a small dense structure composed cf cf cf cf cf cf cf cf cf
largely of RNA, most of the cellular DNA, and the DNA-binding proteins, such as the
cf cf cf cf cf cf cf cf cf cf cf cf cf cf cf
histones, which regulate its activity. The other options do not contain most of a cell’s
cf cf cf cf cf cf cf cf cf cf cf cf cf cf cf
genetic information.
cf cf
PTS: c f c f 1 REF: c f PG 2 cf
3. Which component of the cell prodNuUceRsS IhNyGd TroBg. CenO M
cf p eroxide (H2O2) by using oxygen
cf cf cf cf cf cf cf cf
to remove hydrogen atoms from specific substrates in an oxidative reaction?
cf cf cf cf cf cf cf cf cf cf cf
a. Lysosomes c. Ribosomes
b. Peroxisomes d. Oxyhydrosomes c f
ACCURATE ANSWER:-B cf
Reasoning:->>>Peroxisomes are so named because they usually contain enzymes that cf cf cf cf cf cf cf cf cf
use oxygen to remove hydrogen atoms from specific substrates in an oxidative reaction
cf cf cf cf cf cf cf cf cf cf cf cf cf
that produces H2O2, which is a powerful oxidant and potentially destructive if it
cf cf cf cf cf cf cf cf cf cf cf cf cf
accumulates or escapes from peroxisomes. Ribosomes are RNA-protein complexes
cf cf cf cf cf cf cf cf cf
(nucleoproteins) that are synthesized in the nucleolus and secreted into the cytoplasm
cf cf cf cf cf cf cf cf cf cf cf cf
through pores in the nuclear envelope called nuclear pore complexes. Lysosomes are
cf cf cf cf cf cf cf cf cf cf cf cf
saclike structures that originate from the Golgi complex and contain more than 40
cf cf cf cf cf cf cf cf cf cf cf cf cf
digestive enzymes called hydrolases, which catalyze bonds in proteins, lipids, nucleic
cf cf cf cf cf cf cf cf cf cf cf
acids, and carbohydrates. Oxyhydrosomes are involved in enzyme production.
cf cf cf cf cf cf cf cf cf
PTS: c f c f 1 REF: c f PG 8 cf
4. Which cell component is capable of cellular autodigestion when it is released during
cf cf cf cf cf cf cf cf cf cf cf cf
cell injury?
cf cf
a. Ribosome c. Smooth endoplasmic reticulum cf cf
b. Golgi complex cf d. Lysosomesc f
ACCURATE ANSWER:-D cf
, Reasoning:->>>The lysosomal membrane acts as a protective shield between the cf cf cf cf cf cf cf cf cf
powerful digestive enzymes within the lysosome and the cytoplasm, blocking their
cf cf cf cf cf cf cf cf cf cf cf
leakage into the cytoplasmic matrix. Disruption of the membrane by various treatments
cf cf cf cf cf cf cf cf cf cf cf cf
or cellular injury leads to a release of the lysosomal enzymes, which can then react
cf cf cf cf cf cf cf cf cf cf cf cf cf cf cf
with their specific substrates, causing cellular self-digestion. The other options do not
cf cf cf cf cf cf cf cf cf cf cf cf
correctly describe this process.
cf cf cf cf
PTS: c f c f 1 REF: c f PGs 7-8 cf
5. What is the sequence of steps in the development of a digestive enzyme by the
cf cf cf cf cf cf cf cf cf cf cf cf cf cf
cf pancreas cells from the initial transcription to the release from the cell?
cf cf cf cf cf cf cf cf cf cf cf
a. The enzyme is transcribed from DNA by RNA in the nucleus, proceeds to
cf cf cf cf cf cf cf cf cf cf cf cf
the ribosome for synthesis, and is conducted in a secretory vesicle to the
cf cf cf cf cf cf cf cf cf cf cf cf cf
cell membrane.
cf cf
b. The enzyme is transcribed from RNA by DNA in the nucleus, proceeds to the
cf cf cf cf cf cf cf cf cf cf cf cf cf
lysosome for synthesis, and is conducted in an encapsulated membrane to the
cf cf cf cf cf cf cf cf cf cf cf cf
cell membrane.
cf cf
c. The enzyme is transcribed by the mitochondria in the nucleus, proceeds to the
cf cf cf cf cf cf cf cf cf cf cf cf
ribosome for synthesis, and is conducted in a cytoskeleton to the cell
cf cf cf cf cf cf cf cf cf cf cf cf
membrane.cf
d. The enzyme is transcribed from DNA by RNA in the nucleus, proceeds to the
cf cf cf cf cf cf cf cf cf cf cf cf cf
Golgi complex for synthesis, and is conducted in a cytosol to the cell
cf cf cf cf cf cf cf cf cf cf cf cf cf
membrane.cf
ACCURATE ANSWER:-A cf
Reasoning:->>>The enzyme is transcribed from DNA by RNA in the nucleus, cf cf cf cf cf cf cf cf cf cf
proceeds to the ribosome for synthesis, and is conducted in a secretory vesicle to the
cf cf cf cf cf cf cf cf cf cf cf cf cf cf cf
cell membrane. The other options do not correctly describe this process.
cf cf cf cf cf cf cf cf cf cf cf
PTS: c f c f 1 REF: c f PG 7 | Figure 1-5 cf cf cf cf
6. During which phase of the cell cycle is DNA synthesized?
cf cf cf cf cf cf cf cf cf
a. G1 c. G2
b. S d. M c f
ACCURATE ANSWER:-B cf
Reasoning:->>>The four designated phases of the cell cycle are: (1) the G1 phase (G = cf cf cf cf cf cf cf cf cf cf cf cf cf cf
gap), which is the period between the M phase (M = mitosis) and the start of DNA
cf cf cf cf cf cf cf cf cf cf cf cf cf cf cf cf cf
synthesis; (2) the S phase (S = synthesis), during which DNA is synthesized in the cell
cf cf cf cf cf cf cf cf cf cf cf cf cf cf cf cf
nucleus; (3) the G2 phase, during which RNA and protein synthesis occurs, the period
cf cf cf cf cf cf cf cf cf cf cf cf cf cf
between the completion of DNA synthesis and the next phase (M); and (4) the M
cf cf cf cf cf cf cf cf cf cf cf cf cf cf cf
phase, which includes nuclear and cytoplasmic division.
cf cf cf cf cf cf cf
PTS: c f c f 1 REF: c f PG 37 cf
7. What organic compound facilitates transportation across cell membranes by acting
cf cf cf cf cf cf cf cf cf
as receptors, transportation/transport channels for electrolytes, and enzymes to
cf cf cf cf cf cf cf cf cf
drive active pumps?
cf cf cf
a. Lipids c. Proteins
b. Proteases d. Carbohydrates c f
ACCURATE ANSWER:-C cf
, Reasoning:->>>Proteins act as (1) recognition and binding units (receptors) for cf cf cf cf cf cf cf cf cf
substances moving in and out of the cell; (2) pores or transportation/transport channels
cf cf cf cf cf cf cf cf cf cf cf cf cf
for various electrically charged particles called ions or electrolytes and specific carriers
cf cf cf cf cf cf cf cf cf cf cf cf
for amino acids and monosaccharides; and
cf cf cf cf cf cf
(3) specific enzymes that drive active pumps that promote the concentration of certain
cf cf cf cf cf cf cf cf cf cf cf cf
ions, particularly potassium (K+), within the cell while keeping concentrations of other
cf cf cf cf cf cf cf cf cf cf cf cf
ions, for example, sodium (Na+), below the concentrations found in the extracellular
cf cf cf cf cf cf cf cf cf cf cf cf
environment. The other options do not correctly describe this process.
cf cf cf cf cf cf cf cf cf cf
PTS: c f c f 1 REF: c f PG 13 | PG 15 cf cf cf cf
8. Understanding the various steps of proteolytic cascades, such as caspase-mediated cf cf cf cf cf cf cf cf cf
apoptosis and complement cascades, may be useful in designing drug therapy for
cf cf cf cf cf cf cf cf cf cf cf cf
which human diseases?
cf cf cf
a. Cardiac and vascular disorders cf cf cf
b. Autoimmune and malignant disorders cf cf cf
c. Gastrointestinal and renal disorders cf cf cf
d. Endocrine and gastrointestinal disorders cf cf cf
ACCURATE ANSWER:-B cf
Reasoning:->>>Understanding the various steps involved in this process is crucial for cf cf cf cf cf cf cf cf cf cf
designing drug interventions. Dysregulation of proteases features prominently in many
cf cf cf cf cf cf cf cf cf cf
human diseases, including cancer, autoimmunity, and neurodegenerative disorders. The
cf cf cf cf cf cf cf cf cf
other options do not correctly describe this process.
cf cf cf cf cf cf cf cf
PTS: c f c f 1 REF: cf cf PG 15 cf
9. Which structure blocks water-soluble molecules from entering cells across the plasma
cf
cf cf cf cf cf cf cf cf cf cf
membrane?
a. Carbohydrate chains cf c. Membrane channel proteins cf cf
b. Glycoprotein channels cf d. Lipid bilayer
c f cf
ACCURATE ANSWER:-D cf
Reasoning:->>>The bilayer’s structure accounts for one of the essential functions of cf cf cf cf cf cf cf cf cf cf
the plasma membrane. It is impermeable to most water-soluble molecules (molecules
cf cf cf cf cf cf cf cf cf cf cf
that dissolve in water) because the water-soluble molecules are insoluble in the oily
cf cf cf cf cf cf cf cf cf cf cf cf cf
core region. The bilayer serves as a barrier to the diffusion of water and hydrophilic
cf cf cf cf cf cf cf cf cf cf cf cf cf cf cf
substances while allowing lipid-soluble molecules, such as oxygen (O2) and carbon
cf cf cf cf cf cf cf cf cf cf cf
dioxide (CO2), to diffuse through it readily. The other options do not correctly
cf cf cf cf cf cf cf cf cf cf cf cf cf
describe this process.
cf cf cf
PTS: c f c f 1 REF: c f PGs 12-13 cf
10. The fluid mosaic model explains:
cf cf cf cf
a. How a cell membrane functions cf cf cf cf
b. Why our bodies appear to be solid cf cf cf cf cf cf
c. How tissue is differentiated cf cf cf
d. How fluid moves between the intracellular and extracellular compartments
cf cf cf cf cf cf cf cf
ACCURATE ANSWER:-A cf
Reasoning:->>>The fluid mosaic model accounts for the flexibility of cellular membranes, cf cf cf cf cf cf cf cf cf cf
their
cf
self-sealing properties, and their impermeability to many substances. The remaining
cf cf cf cf cf cf cf cf cf
options do not explain the mosaic model.
cf cf cf cf cf cf cf
