Psych 1XX3 Exam Review Questions With Correct Answers

Psych 1XX3 Exam Review Questions With
Correct Answers

Development - CORRECT ANSWER✔✔-the changes and continuities that
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occur in an individual between conception and death
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Maturation - CORRECT ANSWER✔✔-the biologically-timed unfolding of
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changes within an individual according to the individual's genetic 'plan'
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Learning - CORRECT ANSWER✔✔-the acquisition of new neuronal
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representations of novel information, this results in relatively
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permanent changes in our thoughts, behaviors, and feelings as a result
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of our experiences
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Interactionist perspective - CORRECT ANSWER✔✔-believes that most of
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|our developmental changes reflect the interaction between maturation
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and learning
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--maturation impacts learning & learning impacts maturation
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Habituation - CORRECT ANSWER✔✔-a decrease in responsiveness to a
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stimulus when it has been presented repeatedy
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,Dishabituation - CORRECT ANSWER✔✔-an increase in the | | | | | | |



responsiveness to a stimulus that is somehow different from the | | | | | | | | | |



habituated stimulus |




Habituation procedure - CORRECT ANSWER✔✔-a developmental test
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looking at an infant's ability to distinguish between stimuli. A stimulus is
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presented repeatedly to the infant while baseline vital signs/behavior
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are measured, and when a new stimulus is presented, the infant's vital
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signs and behavior should change (increase) accordingly
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Event related potentials - CORRECT ANSWER✔✔-a developmental test
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that measures electrical activity in the brain in relation to certain events
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High amplitude sucking method - CORRECT ANSWER✔✔-a
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developmental test that uses an infant's sucking behavior to look at | | | | | | | | | | |



preference for certain stimuli. A baseline sucking rate is established, and
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when exposed to the stimulus, the infant's sucking rate may increase or
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decrease--if the stimulus is preferred they suck at a higher frequency
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Preference method - CORRECT ANSWER✔✔-a developmental test
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where an infant is placed in a looking chamber that shows them two
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different stimuli. Using technology to track the infant's eye movements,
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researchers can determine which stimulus the infant spends more time
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observing, and therefore which stimulus is preferred, as well as how is
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the stimulus observed
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,Competence-performance distinction - CORRECT ANSWER✔✔- | | | |



something to take into account when designing a developmental test--
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an individual may fail a task, not because they lack the cognitive abilities
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to perform it, but because their current state of maturation makes
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them unable to demonstrate them
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Longitudinal design - CORRECT ANSWER✔✔-a developmental research
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design where you test the same individuals repeatedly over a portion of
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their lifetime--reduces confounding variables, but is also costly and
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susceptible to practice effects | | |




Selective attrition - CORRECT ANSWER✔✔-another issue with
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longitudinal studies--some participants in a study will drop out, so the
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end result is no longer accurate to the participation on a whole
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Cross-sectional design - CORRECT ANSWER✔✔-a developmental | | | | | |



research design where individuals from different age groups are studied
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at the same point in time--less costly, but can't distinguish age and
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generation effects, and not directly tracking development
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Zygote - CORRECT ANSWER✔✔-the little thing formed when sperm
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meets egg |

, Sex chromosomes - CORRECT ANSWER✔✔-the 23rd chromosome,
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determines sex |




Genotype - CORRECT ANSWER✔✔-an individual's inherited genes
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Phenotype - CORRECT ANSWER✔✔-the expression of an individual's
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genotype in terms of observable characteristics
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Simple dominant-recessive inheritance - CORRECT ANSWER✔✔-a
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pattern of inheritance where the expression of a trait is determined by a
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single pair of alleles, simple Mendelian inheritance
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Codominance - CORRECT ANSWER✔✔-a pattern of inheritance where
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two dominant alleles exist, and expressing both at once creates an
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intermediate phenotype--i.e. blood type | | |




Polygenetic inheritance - CORRECT ANSWER✔✔-a pattern of
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inheritance where multiple genes play a role in expressing a complex
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trait or behavior--i.e. criminal behavior, adultery, or eye color
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Sex-linked inheritance - CORRECT ANSWER✔✔-a pattern of inheritance
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where a gene is present on a sex chromosome, this leads to different
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inheritance patterns in males than in females--i.e. colorblindness or
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haemophilia