BSN 266 PHARMACOLOGY BASICS AND
SAFE MEDICATION ADMINISTRATION TEST
BANK 2026
◉ When teaching diaphragmatic breathing to a client with chronic
obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), which information should
the nurse provide?
A. Place a small book or magazine on the abdomen and make it rise
while inhaling deeply.
B. Purse the lips while inhaling as deeply as possible and then exhale
through the nose.
C. Wrap a towel around the abdomen and push against the towel
while forcefully exhaling.
D. Place one hand on the chest, one hand the abdomen and make
both hands move outward.
Answer: A. Place a small book or magazine on the abdomen and
make it rise while inhaling deeply.
Rationale
Diaphragmatic or abdominal breathing uses the diaphragm instead
of accessory muscles to achieve maximum inhalation and to slow the
respiratory rate. The client should protrude the abdomen on
inhalation and contract it with exhalation, so placing a book or
magazine, helps the client visualize the rise and fall of the abdomen.
,◉ The nurse is planning care for a client with newly diagnosed
diabetes mellitus that requires insulin. Which assessment should the
nurse identify before beginning the teaching session?
A. Present knowledge related to the skill of injection.
B. Intelligence and developmental level of the client.
C. Willingness of the client to learn the injection sites.
D. Financial resources available for the equipment.
Answer: C. Willingness of the client to learn the injection sites.
Rationale
If a client is incapable or does not want to learn, it is unlikely that
learning will occur, so motivation is the first factor the nurse should
assess before teaching.
◉ A client with a 16-year history of diabetes mellitus is having renal
function tests because of recent fatigue, weakness, elevated blood
urea nitrogen, and serum creatinine levels. Which finding should the
nurse conclude as an early symptom of renal insufficiency?
A. Dyspnea.
B. Nocturia.
C. Confusion.
D. Stomatitis.
Answer: B. Nocturia.
Rationale
, As the glomerular filtration rate decreases in early renal
insufficiency, metabolic waste products, including urea, creatinine,
and other substances, such phenols, hormones, electrolytes,
accumulate in the blood. In the early stage of renal insufficiency,
polyuria results from the inability of the kidneys to concentrate
urine and contribute to nocturia.
◉ A female client taking oral contraceptives reports to the nurse
that she is experiencing calf pain. What action should the nurse
implement?
A. Determine if the client has also experienced breast tenderness
and weight gain.
B. Encourage the client to begin a regular, daily program of walking
and exercise.
C. Advise the client to notify the healthcare provider for immediate
medical attention.
D. Tell the client to stop taking the medication for a week to see if
symptoms subside.
Answer: C. Advise the client to notify the healthcare provider for
immediate medical attention.
Rationale
Calf pain is indicative of thrombophlebitis, a serious, life-threatening
complication associated with the use of oral contraceptives which
requires further assessment and possibly immediate medical
intervention.
SAFE MEDICATION ADMINISTRATION TEST
BANK 2026
◉ When teaching diaphragmatic breathing to a client with chronic
obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), which information should
the nurse provide?
A. Place a small book or magazine on the abdomen and make it rise
while inhaling deeply.
B. Purse the lips while inhaling as deeply as possible and then exhale
through the nose.
C. Wrap a towel around the abdomen and push against the towel
while forcefully exhaling.
D. Place one hand on the chest, one hand the abdomen and make
both hands move outward.
Answer: A. Place a small book or magazine on the abdomen and
make it rise while inhaling deeply.
Rationale
Diaphragmatic or abdominal breathing uses the diaphragm instead
of accessory muscles to achieve maximum inhalation and to slow the
respiratory rate. The client should protrude the abdomen on
inhalation and contract it with exhalation, so placing a book or
magazine, helps the client visualize the rise and fall of the abdomen.
,◉ The nurse is planning care for a client with newly diagnosed
diabetes mellitus that requires insulin. Which assessment should the
nurse identify before beginning the teaching session?
A. Present knowledge related to the skill of injection.
B. Intelligence and developmental level of the client.
C. Willingness of the client to learn the injection sites.
D. Financial resources available for the equipment.
Answer: C. Willingness of the client to learn the injection sites.
Rationale
If a client is incapable or does not want to learn, it is unlikely that
learning will occur, so motivation is the first factor the nurse should
assess before teaching.
◉ A client with a 16-year history of diabetes mellitus is having renal
function tests because of recent fatigue, weakness, elevated blood
urea nitrogen, and serum creatinine levels. Which finding should the
nurse conclude as an early symptom of renal insufficiency?
A. Dyspnea.
B. Nocturia.
C. Confusion.
D. Stomatitis.
Answer: B. Nocturia.
Rationale
, As the glomerular filtration rate decreases in early renal
insufficiency, metabolic waste products, including urea, creatinine,
and other substances, such phenols, hormones, electrolytes,
accumulate in the blood. In the early stage of renal insufficiency,
polyuria results from the inability of the kidneys to concentrate
urine and contribute to nocturia.
◉ A female client taking oral contraceptives reports to the nurse
that she is experiencing calf pain. What action should the nurse
implement?
A. Determine if the client has also experienced breast tenderness
and weight gain.
B. Encourage the client to begin a regular, daily program of walking
and exercise.
C. Advise the client to notify the healthcare provider for immediate
medical attention.
D. Tell the client to stop taking the medication for a week to see if
symptoms subside.
Answer: C. Advise the client to notify the healthcare provider for
immediate medical attention.
Rationale
Calf pain is indicative of thrombophlebitis, a serious, life-threatening
complication associated with the use of oral contraceptives which
requires further assessment and possibly immediate medical
intervention.
