PHARM NURS 321 EXAM 1 QUESTIONS WITH ACCURATE
ANSWERS
"5 rights" +2 correct answer 1. drug
2. dose and form
3. time
4. route
5. patient
6. documentation
7. circumstance
JACHO National Patient Safety Goals included medication reconciliation
requirements
4 phases of investigational drug studies correct answer 1. on a few healthy ppl to
determine dose
2. on a few with the dz
3. on large number with the dz
4. postmarketing studies
Absoprtion correct answer the movement of a drug from its site of administration
into the bloodstream for distribution to the tissues
- uptake into the blood
enteral (PO)
,parenteral (Injection)
topical (skin)
absorption in vulnerable geriatric correct answer decr. gastric pH from less
productive stomach cells, decr. gastric emptying and GI motility from decr. muscle
tone and activity; decr. GI perfusion from decr. CO and vascular integrity
absorption in vulnerable peds correct answer gastric pH less acidic until 1-2 yrs of
age, decr. gastric emptying from erratic peristalsis, decr. first pass effect from
immature liver, erratic IM abs. from underdeveloped muscle
Action of beta blockers correct answer
acute therapy correct answer Treat acute illness
additive interactions correct answer 1+1 = 2 drugs, both effects
Adrenergic agonist drugs: indications correct answer Respiratory:
mostly beta 2 receptors; Ex. Albuterol
Nasal decongestant:
alpha 1 receptors; Ex. neosynephrine
Ophthalmic:
alpha 1 or beta 2
,Cardiovascular:
beta 1&2 and alpha 1&2, dopaminergic; Ex. epinephrine, dopamine
Adrenergic blockers correct answer slow the SNS
- causes vasodilation, CV and CNS slower, n/v/d
- beta1- decr. HR, contractility
- beta2- bronchoconstriction
- treat overdose with activated charcoal
Adrenergic blocking agents (antagonists) correct answer AKA: sympatholytics
- lyse or stop SNS stimulation; antagonists
- Alpha 1 receptors are on the cell, muscle, or organ of postsynaptic effector cells
- Alpha 2 are on the actual nerves of pre-synaptic effector cells
- Beta receptors are on the post-synaptic effector cells
Adrenergics correct answer speed up SNS
- CV and CNS stimulation
- Beta1 - incr. heart
- Beta2- incr. lungs
- check labs for incr. cortisol and incr. glucose
- do not give with: severe HTN
- treat overdose with supportive measures
Adverse drug event correct answer any adverse outcome
, 1. potential adverse event
2. adverse drug withdrawal event (HTN)
3. med error (preventable)
4. adverse drug rxn (not preventable) - the positive outweigh the neg
5. adverse drug effect/rxn (response that is noxious and unintended at normal
doses, not predicted)
Adverse effects: beta blockers correct answer Nonselective beta blockers may
interfere with normal responses to hypoglycemia (tremor, tachycardia,
nervousness)
May mask signs and symptoms of hypoglycemia
Use with caution in patients with diabetes mellitus
Albuterol correct answer Class: adrenergic B2 agonist, sympathomimetic,
bronchodilator
Action: relaxes bronchial smooth muscle, *short acting beta agonist (SABA)*
Uses: bronchodilation in asthma, COPD
Adverse effects: angina, A-fib, palpitations, dizziness, HA, insomnia, nervousness,
tremors, Paradoxical bronchospasm, hypokalemia
- NIH guidelines: 2 puffs 4x day up to 8x day
- if using every 20 min go to ER (not responding like should)
ANSWERS
"5 rights" +2 correct answer 1. drug
2. dose and form
3. time
4. route
5. patient
6. documentation
7. circumstance
JACHO National Patient Safety Goals included medication reconciliation
requirements
4 phases of investigational drug studies correct answer 1. on a few healthy ppl to
determine dose
2. on a few with the dz
3. on large number with the dz
4. postmarketing studies
Absoprtion correct answer the movement of a drug from its site of administration
into the bloodstream for distribution to the tissues
- uptake into the blood
enteral (PO)
,parenteral (Injection)
topical (skin)
absorption in vulnerable geriatric correct answer decr. gastric pH from less
productive stomach cells, decr. gastric emptying and GI motility from decr. muscle
tone and activity; decr. GI perfusion from decr. CO and vascular integrity
absorption in vulnerable peds correct answer gastric pH less acidic until 1-2 yrs of
age, decr. gastric emptying from erratic peristalsis, decr. first pass effect from
immature liver, erratic IM abs. from underdeveloped muscle
Action of beta blockers correct answer
acute therapy correct answer Treat acute illness
additive interactions correct answer 1+1 = 2 drugs, both effects
Adrenergic agonist drugs: indications correct answer Respiratory:
mostly beta 2 receptors; Ex. Albuterol
Nasal decongestant:
alpha 1 receptors; Ex. neosynephrine
Ophthalmic:
alpha 1 or beta 2
,Cardiovascular:
beta 1&2 and alpha 1&2, dopaminergic; Ex. epinephrine, dopamine
Adrenergic blockers correct answer slow the SNS
- causes vasodilation, CV and CNS slower, n/v/d
- beta1- decr. HR, contractility
- beta2- bronchoconstriction
- treat overdose with activated charcoal
Adrenergic blocking agents (antagonists) correct answer AKA: sympatholytics
- lyse or stop SNS stimulation; antagonists
- Alpha 1 receptors are on the cell, muscle, or organ of postsynaptic effector cells
- Alpha 2 are on the actual nerves of pre-synaptic effector cells
- Beta receptors are on the post-synaptic effector cells
Adrenergics correct answer speed up SNS
- CV and CNS stimulation
- Beta1 - incr. heart
- Beta2- incr. lungs
- check labs for incr. cortisol and incr. glucose
- do not give with: severe HTN
- treat overdose with supportive measures
Adverse drug event correct answer any adverse outcome
, 1. potential adverse event
2. adverse drug withdrawal event (HTN)
3. med error (preventable)
4. adverse drug rxn (not preventable) - the positive outweigh the neg
5. adverse drug effect/rxn (response that is noxious and unintended at normal
doses, not predicted)
Adverse effects: beta blockers correct answer Nonselective beta blockers may
interfere with normal responses to hypoglycemia (tremor, tachycardia,
nervousness)
May mask signs and symptoms of hypoglycemia
Use with caution in patients with diabetes mellitus
Albuterol correct answer Class: adrenergic B2 agonist, sympathomimetic,
bronchodilator
Action: relaxes bronchial smooth muscle, *short acting beta agonist (SABA)*
Uses: bronchodilation in asthma, COPD
Adverse effects: angina, A-fib, palpitations, dizziness, HA, insomnia, nervousness,
tremors, Paradoxical bronchospasm, hypokalemia
- NIH guidelines: 2 puffs 4x day up to 8x day
- if using every 20 min go to ER (not responding like should)
