UNDERSTANDING PATHOPHYSIOLOGY
ACTUAL EXAM SCRIPT 2026 QUESTIONS
AND SOLUTIONS GRADED A+
◉Infants have less total body water than do adults?. Answer: False
◉The primary intracellular cation is?. Answer: Potassium
◉Hemorrhage would be an example of?. Answer: Isotonic loss
◉Which of the following could be a sign of hyponatremia?. Answer:
lethargy, death and confusion
◉Excess interstitial fluid. Answer: Edema
◉Examples of this fluid would be synovial fluid and aqueous humor.
Answer: Transcelluar fluid
◉The primary extracellular anion. Answer: Chloride
◉Hormone from the posterior pituitary gland that conserves water
through the kidneys. Answer: ADH
, ◉A serum sodium level less than 135 mEq/L. Answer:
Hyponatremia
◉This is most likely to be noted on an electrocardiogram in a
hypokalemic patient?. Answer: depressed ST segment
◉Calcium (Ca++) is necessary for?. Answer: structure of dentin in
teeth, normal blood clotting, and transmission of nerve impulses
◉The normal blood pH range is?. Answer: 7.35-7.45
◉If the amount of bicarbonate ion (HCO3) decreases:. Answer:
hydrogen ion (H+) will increase
◉What could cause respiratory acidosis?. Answer: holding one's
breath
◉A blood calcium (Ca++) greater than 10.5mg/dL. Answer:
Hypercalcemia
◉This intracellular cation acts as a cofactor in many intracellular
enzymatic reactions?. Answer: Magnesium
ACTUAL EXAM SCRIPT 2026 QUESTIONS
AND SOLUTIONS GRADED A+
◉Infants have less total body water than do adults?. Answer: False
◉The primary intracellular cation is?. Answer: Potassium
◉Hemorrhage would be an example of?. Answer: Isotonic loss
◉Which of the following could be a sign of hyponatremia?. Answer:
lethargy, death and confusion
◉Excess interstitial fluid. Answer: Edema
◉Examples of this fluid would be synovial fluid and aqueous humor.
Answer: Transcelluar fluid
◉The primary extracellular anion. Answer: Chloride
◉Hormone from the posterior pituitary gland that conserves water
through the kidneys. Answer: ADH
, ◉A serum sodium level less than 135 mEq/L. Answer:
Hyponatremia
◉This is most likely to be noted on an electrocardiogram in a
hypokalemic patient?. Answer: depressed ST segment
◉Calcium (Ca++) is necessary for?. Answer: structure of dentin in
teeth, normal blood clotting, and transmission of nerve impulses
◉The normal blood pH range is?. Answer: 7.35-7.45
◉If the amount of bicarbonate ion (HCO3) decreases:. Answer:
hydrogen ion (H+) will increase
◉What could cause respiratory acidosis?. Answer: holding one's
breath
◉A blood calcium (Ca++) greater than 10.5mg/dL. Answer:
Hypercalcemia
◉This intracellular cation acts as a cofactor in many intracellular
enzymatic reactions?. Answer: Magnesium
