Understanding Pathophysiology
CERTIFICATION PAPER 2026 FULL
SOLUTION GRADED A+
● A nurse is teaching the staff about the phases of cellular catabolism.
Which phases should the nurse include? Answer: Digestion, glycolysis,
oxidation, and the citric acid cycle
● basic types of tissues Answer: connective.
muscle.
nerve.
epithelial.
● A biopsy of the lung bronchi revealed ciliated epithelial cells that are
capable of secretion and absorption. These cells are called _____
columnar epithelium. Answer: ciliated simple
● An athlete runs a marathon, after which his muscles feel fatigued and
unable to contract. The athlete asks the nurse why this happened. The
nurse's response is based on the knowledge that the problem is result of
a deficiency of: Answer: ATP
● Which phase of catabolism produces the most ATP? Answer: Citric
acid cycle
, ● Ligands Answer: bind to plasma membrane receptors
● The ion transporter that moves Na+ and Ca2+ simultaneously in the
same direction is an example of which of the following types of
transport? Answer: Symport
● Pancreatic beta cells secrete insulin, which inhibits secretion of
glucagon from neighboring alpha cells. This action is an example of
which of the following signaling types? Answer: Paracrine
● A DNA strand has a region with the sequence ATCGGAT. Which of
the following would be a complementary strand? Answer: TAGCCTAG
● A patient, age 9, is admitted to a pediatric unit with Duchenne
muscular dystrophy. When planning care the nurse recalls the patient
inherited this condition through a trait that is: Answer: X-linked
recessive.
● What is the most common cause of Down syndrome Answer:
Maternal nondisjunction
● A 13-year-old girl has a karyotype that reveals an absent homologous
X chromosome with only a single X chromosome present. What medical
diagnosis will the nurse observe on the chart? Answer: Turner syndrome
CERTIFICATION PAPER 2026 FULL
SOLUTION GRADED A+
● A nurse is teaching the staff about the phases of cellular catabolism.
Which phases should the nurse include? Answer: Digestion, glycolysis,
oxidation, and the citric acid cycle
● basic types of tissues Answer: connective.
muscle.
nerve.
epithelial.
● A biopsy of the lung bronchi revealed ciliated epithelial cells that are
capable of secretion and absorption. These cells are called _____
columnar epithelium. Answer: ciliated simple
● An athlete runs a marathon, after which his muscles feel fatigued and
unable to contract. The athlete asks the nurse why this happened. The
nurse's response is based on the knowledge that the problem is result of
a deficiency of: Answer: ATP
● Which phase of catabolism produces the most ATP? Answer: Citric
acid cycle
, ● Ligands Answer: bind to plasma membrane receptors
● The ion transporter that moves Na+ and Ca2+ simultaneously in the
same direction is an example of which of the following types of
transport? Answer: Symport
● Pancreatic beta cells secrete insulin, which inhibits secretion of
glucagon from neighboring alpha cells. This action is an example of
which of the following signaling types? Answer: Paracrine
● A DNA strand has a region with the sequence ATCGGAT. Which of
the following would be a complementary strand? Answer: TAGCCTAG
● A patient, age 9, is admitted to a pediatric unit with Duchenne
muscular dystrophy. When planning care the nurse recalls the patient
inherited this condition through a trait that is: Answer: X-linked
recessive.
● What is the most common cause of Down syndrome Answer:
Maternal nondisjunction
● A 13-year-old girl has a karyotype that reveals an absent homologous
X chromosome with only a single X chromosome present. What medical
diagnosis will the nurse observe on the chart? Answer: Turner syndrome
