UNDERSTANDING PATHOPHYSIOLOGY
EXAMINATION TEST PAPER 2026
COMPLETE QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS
◉Pancreatic insufficiency is manifested by deficient production of:
A: Lipase
B: Amylase
C: Bile
D: Insulin. Answer: A: Lipase
◉A 50-year-old male is experiencing reflux of chyme from the
stomach. He is diagnosed with gastroesophageal reflux. This
condition is caused by:
A: Reverse peristalsis of the stomach
B: Loss of muscle tone at the lower esophageal sphincter
C: Fibrosis of the lower third of the esophagus
D: Sympathetic nerve stimulation. Answer: B: Loss of muscle tone at
the lower esophageal sphincter
, ◉The icteric phase of hepatitis is characterized by which of the
following clinical manifestations?
A: Fatigue, malaise, vomiting
B: Resolution of jaundice, liver function returns to normal
C: Jaundice, dark urine, enlarged liver
D: Fulminant liver failure, hepatorenal syndrome. Answer: C:
Jaundice, dark urine, enlarged liver
◉The cardinal sign of pyloric stenosis caused by ulceration or
tumors is:
A: Heartburn
B: Vomiting
C: Diarrhea
D: Constipation. Answer: B: Vomiting
◉The family learns that a 3D ultrasound of a 9-week fetus shows
incomplete fusion of the nasomedial or intermaxillary process. The
family will be told that the child will be born with:
A: Cleft lip
EXAMINATION TEST PAPER 2026
COMPLETE QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS
◉Pancreatic insufficiency is manifested by deficient production of:
A: Lipase
B: Amylase
C: Bile
D: Insulin. Answer: A: Lipase
◉A 50-year-old male is experiencing reflux of chyme from the
stomach. He is diagnosed with gastroesophageal reflux. This
condition is caused by:
A: Reverse peristalsis of the stomach
B: Loss of muscle tone at the lower esophageal sphincter
C: Fibrosis of the lower third of the esophagus
D: Sympathetic nerve stimulation. Answer: B: Loss of muscle tone at
the lower esophageal sphincter
, ◉The icteric phase of hepatitis is characterized by which of the
following clinical manifestations?
A: Fatigue, malaise, vomiting
B: Resolution of jaundice, liver function returns to normal
C: Jaundice, dark urine, enlarged liver
D: Fulminant liver failure, hepatorenal syndrome. Answer: C:
Jaundice, dark urine, enlarged liver
◉The cardinal sign of pyloric stenosis caused by ulceration or
tumors is:
A: Heartburn
B: Vomiting
C: Diarrhea
D: Constipation. Answer: B: Vomiting
◉The family learns that a 3D ultrasound of a 9-week fetus shows
incomplete fusion of the nasomedial or intermaxillary process. The
family will be told that the child will be born with:
A: Cleft lip
