digestive system - ANSWER comprised of the mouth stomach intestines. uses enzymes to
break down foot that we eat to release it into bloodstream and absorbed into cells. rids
body of undigested food that don't enter bloodstream in stool.
respiratory system - ANSWER nose mouth trachea lungs. gas exchange and pH regulation.
removes CO2 from blood and exchanges for O2
circulatory system - ANSWER made up of heart blood vessels lymphatics blood cells. in-
ternal transport, pH maintenance temperature stability. delivers nutrition and oxygen to
cells and carries waste products and CO2 away from cells.
immune system - ANSWER defense system protects from foreign substances or particles
when exposed. white blood cells and lymph nodes. maintains homeostasis.
excretory system - ANSWER enables disposal of metabolic wastes, regulation of salt, flu-
ids and electrolytes. allows waste removal from bloodstream via liver kidneys and urinary
bladder skin and lungs.
integumentary system - ANSWER skin- protects organs. defense skin doesnt allow foreign
bodies in. skin makes vitamin D and assists in excretion.
musculoskeletal system - ANSWER hips, spinal column, deltoids quadriceps. protects
movement support and shape. supports production of blood and serves as storage sites for
some minerals. muscle allow movement strength posture and heat production. muscles
work together to move the body.
1
,nervous system - ANSWER brain spinal cord and nerves. integrates body function through
nerves detects stimuli secretes chemicals and electrical signals and controls other organ sys-
tems.
endocrine system - ANSWER hypothalamus pituitary glands adrenal glands pancreas and
gonads. Integrates body through chemicals hormones. cells use hormones to communicate
with each other. hormones are needed to maintain homeostasis.
reproductive system - ANSWER scrotum testes prostate gland vas degerens and penis
(male) ovaries fallopian tubes uterus cervix vagina (female) provides mechanisms for inter-
nal fertilization and production of new offspring.
phylum chordata - ANSWER 1. urochordatea
2. cephalochordata
3. vertebrata (humans, fish, reptiles, amphibians, and mammals)
vertebrata - ANSWER humans are this because unlike the urochordates and cephalochor-
dates we have a column of bones (backbone) and a tube within a tube construction (verte-
brata have an outer tube formed by a body wall and inner tube in the digestive tract. Hu-
mans have bilateral symmetry that is. the left side of body is a mirror image of the right side.
anatomical position - ANSWER human body is standing postion with palms facing for-
ward. When prone human body is postion posteriorly so you have back side view.
superior - ANSWER toward head end of the body. EX: chin is superior to the shoulder.
Inferior - ANSWER means below or away from head of body. EX: the belly button is infe-
rior to the nose
Anterior - ANSWER near the front of the body EX: nose is anterior to the buttocks.
2
, Posterior - ANSWER mean near the back of the body EX: the heart is posterior to the ribs
medial - ANSWER closest to the midline of body EX: the big toe is medial to the little toe
lateral - ANSWER further away from midline of body EX: appendix is lateral to the stom-
ach.
proximal - ANSWER toward nearest point of origin of a part,EX: the wrist is proximal to
the digitals.
distal - ANSWER away from point of origin of a part. EX: finger nail is distal to the pha-
lange.
superficial - ANSWER toward the surface of body EX: the ribs are superficial to the heart
deep - ANSWER away from surface of body EX: the brain is deep to the skull
dorsal - ANSWER refers to the back
vertral - ANSWER refers to teh abdominal area
dorsal cavity - ANSWER contains cranial and spinal parts
ventral cavity - ANSWER largest cavity in the body filling the entire front section of the
body has thoracic cavity abdominopelvic cavity.
3
break down foot that we eat to release it into bloodstream and absorbed into cells. rids
body of undigested food that don't enter bloodstream in stool.
respiratory system - ANSWER nose mouth trachea lungs. gas exchange and pH regulation.
removes CO2 from blood and exchanges for O2
circulatory system - ANSWER made up of heart blood vessels lymphatics blood cells. in-
ternal transport, pH maintenance temperature stability. delivers nutrition and oxygen to
cells and carries waste products and CO2 away from cells.
immune system - ANSWER defense system protects from foreign substances or particles
when exposed. white blood cells and lymph nodes. maintains homeostasis.
excretory system - ANSWER enables disposal of metabolic wastes, regulation of salt, flu-
ids and electrolytes. allows waste removal from bloodstream via liver kidneys and urinary
bladder skin and lungs.
integumentary system - ANSWER skin- protects organs. defense skin doesnt allow foreign
bodies in. skin makes vitamin D and assists in excretion.
musculoskeletal system - ANSWER hips, spinal column, deltoids quadriceps. protects
movement support and shape. supports production of blood and serves as storage sites for
some minerals. muscle allow movement strength posture and heat production. muscles
work together to move the body.
1
,nervous system - ANSWER brain spinal cord and nerves. integrates body function through
nerves detects stimuli secretes chemicals and electrical signals and controls other organ sys-
tems.
endocrine system - ANSWER hypothalamus pituitary glands adrenal glands pancreas and
gonads. Integrates body through chemicals hormones. cells use hormones to communicate
with each other. hormones are needed to maintain homeostasis.
reproductive system - ANSWER scrotum testes prostate gland vas degerens and penis
(male) ovaries fallopian tubes uterus cervix vagina (female) provides mechanisms for inter-
nal fertilization and production of new offspring.
phylum chordata - ANSWER 1. urochordatea
2. cephalochordata
3. vertebrata (humans, fish, reptiles, amphibians, and mammals)
vertebrata - ANSWER humans are this because unlike the urochordates and cephalochor-
dates we have a column of bones (backbone) and a tube within a tube construction (verte-
brata have an outer tube formed by a body wall and inner tube in the digestive tract. Hu-
mans have bilateral symmetry that is. the left side of body is a mirror image of the right side.
anatomical position - ANSWER human body is standing postion with palms facing for-
ward. When prone human body is postion posteriorly so you have back side view.
superior - ANSWER toward head end of the body. EX: chin is superior to the shoulder.
Inferior - ANSWER means below or away from head of body. EX: the belly button is infe-
rior to the nose
Anterior - ANSWER near the front of the body EX: nose is anterior to the buttocks.
2
, Posterior - ANSWER mean near the back of the body EX: the heart is posterior to the ribs
medial - ANSWER closest to the midline of body EX: the big toe is medial to the little toe
lateral - ANSWER further away from midline of body EX: appendix is lateral to the stom-
ach.
proximal - ANSWER toward nearest point of origin of a part,EX: the wrist is proximal to
the digitals.
distal - ANSWER away from point of origin of a part. EX: finger nail is distal to the pha-
lange.
superficial - ANSWER toward the surface of body EX: the ribs are superficial to the heart
deep - ANSWER away from surface of body EX: the brain is deep to the skull
dorsal - ANSWER refers to the back
vertral - ANSWER refers to teh abdominal area
dorsal cavity - ANSWER contains cranial and spinal parts
ventral cavity - ANSWER largest cavity in the body filling the entire front section of the
body has thoracic cavity abdominopelvic cavity.
3
