BIO 254 REVISION PAPER 1 QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS SURE A.pdf

BIO 254 REVISION PAPER 1 QUESTIONS AND
ANSWERS SURE A+
✔✔spleen - ✔✔filters blood

✔✔chemical digestion - ✔✔breaking down food with enzymes
amylase, maltase, sucrase, lactase

✔✔Parastalsis - ✔✔Rhythmic contraction of the GI tract

✔✔Segmentation - ✔✔separating bits

✔✔Leptin - ✔✔full

✔✔Ghrelin - ✔✔hungry

✔✔small intestine - ✔✔majority absorption

✔✔rugae - ✔✔gastric folds in the stomach

✔✔Hydrochloride acid (HCl) - ✔✔Strong acid secreted by stomach, converts
pepsinogen to pepsin

✔✔Bile - ✔✔Substance produced by the liver; emulsifies fat

✔✔cecum of large intestine - ✔✔first part of the large intestine

✔✔large intestine - ✔✔cecum, colon, rectum

, ✔✔small intestine - ✔✔duodenum, jejunum, ileum

✔✔digestive organs - ✔✔mouth, pharynx, esophagus, stomach, small intestine, large
intestine

✔✔factors that encourage the circulation of lymphatic fluid - ✔✔deep breathing
inspirations
muscle contraction
valves

✔✔oxygen present - ✔✔citric acid cycle
electron transport chain

✔✔Glycolysis - ✔✔can occur with or without o2

✔✔cardia - ✔✔top of stomach

✔✔corpus - ✔✔body

✔✔saliva enzymes - ✔✔amylase and lipase

✔✔mechanical digestion - ✔✔mastication (chewing)

✔✔chemical digestion - ✔✔amylase
maltese
sucrase
lactase

✔✔Aerobic - ✔✔mitochondria

✔✔Anaerobic - ✔✔without oxygen
cytoplasm

✔✔Secretin - ✔✔A hormone secreted by the small intestine (duodenum) in response to
low pH (e.g., from stomach acid). It promotes the release of bicarbonate from the
pancreas to act as a buffer.

✔✔Gastrin - ✔✔stimulates release of HCl

✔✔humoral immunity - ✔✔B cells produce antibodies after exposure to specific
antigens; type of adaptive immunity

✔✔cell-mediated immunity - ✔✔T cells