DAANCE ALL MODULES FINAL EXAM QUESTIONS AND
ANSWERS SURE A+
✔✔MVP (mitral valve prolapse) - ✔✔One or more of valve flaps don't close completely
allowing redundancy of valve leaflets into left atrium.
✔✔Rheumatic heart diseases - ✔✔Condition caused secondary to rheumatic fever
(beta hemolytic streptococci) which damages the heart valves, primarily the mitral valve,
and causes heart murmur.
✔✔MI (myocardial infarction) - ✔✔Heart attack. Six should be performed on patient until
6 months after.
✔✔Right sided heart failure - ✔✔Increased pressure of fluid in blood vessels causes
fluid to leak into body's tissues causing peripheral edema and ascites
✔✔Left sided heart failure - ✔✔Increased pressure of fluid in blood vessels causes fluid
to leak into lungs. Patients often present with shortness of breath.
✔✔Review of systems musculoskeletal - ✔✔Weakness of extremities, atrophy of
muscles, frequent cramping of muscles.
✔✔Review of systems neurologic - ✔✔Weakness of extremities, hx of projectile
vomiting, headaches, visual disturbances, any unexplained pain or numbness in body.
✔✔Review of systems pulmonary - ✔✔Shortness of breath, dizziness, chronic cough,
wheezing, productive cough.
✔✔Review of systems genitourinary - ✔✔Painful urination, blood in urine, frequent
urination, incontinence, discharge in urine.
✔✔Review of systems gastrointestinal - ✔✔Loss of appetite, swallowing, change in
taste, nausea, vomiting, diarrhea, constipation.
✔✔Review of systems skin - ✔✔Bruising, bleeding, discoloration.
✔✔Review of systems cardiovascular - ✔✔Headaches, dizziness, nosebleeds,
shortness of breath, chest or arm pain, edema.
✔✔Review of systems general - ✔✔Weight loss, loss of appetite, weakness, fatigue.
✔✔4 key questions to ask patient in evaluation - ✔✔Are they currently under physicians
care, do they take any meds, do they have any allergies and reactions they have,
review of systems.
,✔✔Asthma - ✔✔Usually associated with allergies. Increased secretions in the muscles
membranes lining bronchioles. Mucus plugs block smaller bronchi making movement of
air in and out if lungs difficult. More difficulty with expiration.
✔✔Focus (foci) - ✔✔Site in atria or ventricles which is center for generation of impulse.
✔✔Cushing's disease - ✔✔Non life threatening. Hyper secretion of glucocorticoids.
✔✔Glucocorticoids - ✔✔Allow the body to respond to stress.
✔✔Addison's disease - ✔✔Life threatening. Hypo secretion of glucocorticoids.
✔✔Cirrhosis - ✔✔Fibrosis or scar tissue in liver. Patients with cirrhosis may have
difficulty metabolizing medications and may have prolonged effects of medications.
✔✔Risks of liver cirrhosis - ✔✔Prolonged effects of medications, prolonged mental
depression can cause hepatic coma, trouble clotting, peripheral edema, ascites.
✔✔Dyspnea - ✔✔Difficulty breathing or breathlessness.
✔✔Bronchitis - ✔✔Inflammation of the mucous membranes lining the bronchial tubes.
Sx should be delayed.
✔✔Smoking - ✔✔Predisposes patients to laryngospasm and bronchospasm.
✔✔Upper respiratory infection (URI) - ✔✔Common cold or cough which produces
increased secretions in airway. Best to delay surgery. Involves sinuses, nasal
passages, pharynx, and larynx.
✔✔Diabetes mellitus - ✔✔Metabolic impairment where the body is unable to metabolize
glucose properly causing increased blood glucose levels. This prevents the body from
metabolizing carbs properly.
✔✔Type I - ✔✔Insulin dependent diabetes.
✔✔Type II diabetes - ✔✔Non insulin dependent
✔✔Considerations for diabetic patients - ✔✔Patients with diabetes do not heal as
quickly and are more prone to infection. Often placed on antibiotics.
✔✔Fasting blood sugar (FBS) - ✔✔125 mg/dL normal or in control
, ✔✔Insulin overdose - ✔✔Give patient sugar, candy, or sugar containing beverage.
Glucose IV or glucagon IM if patient is sedated.
✔✔Emphysema - ✔✔Enlargement of alveolar sac in lungs along with destruction and
scarring of alveoli which makes less surface area available for exchange of O2 and
CO2. Smokers.
✔✔Risks of kidney disease - ✔✔Patients with kidney disease may have difficulty
eliminating medications from their body. Sx should not be scheduled on same day as
dialysis.
✔✔Epilepsy - ✔✔Seizures. If an incident occurs during anesthesia Valium IV can be
given.
✔✔TIA (transient ischemic attack) - ✔✔Mini stoke. Sudden neurological loss of function
with full recovery in 24 hrs.
✔✔Cerebrovascular accidents (CVA/stroke) - ✔✔Neurological impairment caused by
disruption of blood supply to area of brain.
✔✔Ischemic stroke - ✔✔85% caused by occluded blood vessel.
✔✔Hemorrhagic stroke - ✔✔15% caused by ruptured artery (aneurysm)
✔✔Trimester to best perform surgery - ✔✔2nd trimester. Most risk to fetus in 1st
trimester.
✔✔Obesity - ✔✔20 % above ideal body weight
[(wt in lbs/height in inches)2] x 703
✔✔Modifiable risk factors of stroke - ✔✔High blood pressure, diabetes, heart disease,
smoking, TIA, increased red blood cells, sickle cell disorder.
✔✔Unmodifiable risk factors for stroke - ✔✔Male, age 55 or older, two times African
American, previous stroke, heredity.
✔✔Considerations for obese patients - ✔✔Use of a large blood pressure cuff, difficult
venous access, patients should be treated in upright or semi fowler position.
✔✔Protease inhibitors - ✔✔Patients with HIV take this medications. It prolongs effects
of benzodiapam derivatives.
ANSWERS SURE A+
✔✔MVP (mitral valve prolapse) - ✔✔One or more of valve flaps don't close completely
allowing redundancy of valve leaflets into left atrium.
✔✔Rheumatic heart diseases - ✔✔Condition caused secondary to rheumatic fever
(beta hemolytic streptococci) which damages the heart valves, primarily the mitral valve,
and causes heart murmur.
✔✔MI (myocardial infarction) - ✔✔Heart attack. Six should be performed on patient until
6 months after.
✔✔Right sided heart failure - ✔✔Increased pressure of fluid in blood vessels causes
fluid to leak into body's tissues causing peripheral edema and ascites
✔✔Left sided heart failure - ✔✔Increased pressure of fluid in blood vessels causes fluid
to leak into lungs. Patients often present with shortness of breath.
✔✔Review of systems musculoskeletal - ✔✔Weakness of extremities, atrophy of
muscles, frequent cramping of muscles.
✔✔Review of systems neurologic - ✔✔Weakness of extremities, hx of projectile
vomiting, headaches, visual disturbances, any unexplained pain or numbness in body.
✔✔Review of systems pulmonary - ✔✔Shortness of breath, dizziness, chronic cough,
wheezing, productive cough.
✔✔Review of systems genitourinary - ✔✔Painful urination, blood in urine, frequent
urination, incontinence, discharge in urine.
✔✔Review of systems gastrointestinal - ✔✔Loss of appetite, swallowing, change in
taste, nausea, vomiting, diarrhea, constipation.
✔✔Review of systems skin - ✔✔Bruising, bleeding, discoloration.
✔✔Review of systems cardiovascular - ✔✔Headaches, dizziness, nosebleeds,
shortness of breath, chest or arm pain, edema.
✔✔Review of systems general - ✔✔Weight loss, loss of appetite, weakness, fatigue.
✔✔4 key questions to ask patient in evaluation - ✔✔Are they currently under physicians
care, do they take any meds, do they have any allergies and reactions they have,
review of systems.
,✔✔Asthma - ✔✔Usually associated with allergies. Increased secretions in the muscles
membranes lining bronchioles. Mucus plugs block smaller bronchi making movement of
air in and out if lungs difficult. More difficulty with expiration.
✔✔Focus (foci) - ✔✔Site in atria or ventricles which is center for generation of impulse.
✔✔Cushing's disease - ✔✔Non life threatening. Hyper secretion of glucocorticoids.
✔✔Glucocorticoids - ✔✔Allow the body to respond to stress.
✔✔Addison's disease - ✔✔Life threatening. Hypo secretion of glucocorticoids.
✔✔Cirrhosis - ✔✔Fibrosis or scar tissue in liver. Patients with cirrhosis may have
difficulty metabolizing medications and may have prolonged effects of medications.
✔✔Risks of liver cirrhosis - ✔✔Prolonged effects of medications, prolonged mental
depression can cause hepatic coma, trouble clotting, peripheral edema, ascites.
✔✔Dyspnea - ✔✔Difficulty breathing or breathlessness.
✔✔Bronchitis - ✔✔Inflammation of the mucous membranes lining the bronchial tubes.
Sx should be delayed.
✔✔Smoking - ✔✔Predisposes patients to laryngospasm and bronchospasm.
✔✔Upper respiratory infection (URI) - ✔✔Common cold or cough which produces
increased secretions in airway. Best to delay surgery. Involves sinuses, nasal
passages, pharynx, and larynx.
✔✔Diabetes mellitus - ✔✔Metabolic impairment where the body is unable to metabolize
glucose properly causing increased blood glucose levels. This prevents the body from
metabolizing carbs properly.
✔✔Type I - ✔✔Insulin dependent diabetes.
✔✔Type II diabetes - ✔✔Non insulin dependent
✔✔Considerations for diabetic patients - ✔✔Patients with diabetes do not heal as
quickly and are more prone to infection. Often placed on antibiotics.
✔✔Fasting blood sugar (FBS) - ✔✔125 mg/dL normal or in control
, ✔✔Insulin overdose - ✔✔Give patient sugar, candy, or sugar containing beverage.
Glucose IV or glucagon IM if patient is sedated.
✔✔Emphysema - ✔✔Enlargement of alveolar sac in lungs along with destruction and
scarring of alveoli which makes less surface area available for exchange of O2 and
CO2. Smokers.
✔✔Risks of kidney disease - ✔✔Patients with kidney disease may have difficulty
eliminating medications from their body. Sx should not be scheduled on same day as
dialysis.
✔✔Epilepsy - ✔✔Seizures. If an incident occurs during anesthesia Valium IV can be
given.
✔✔TIA (transient ischemic attack) - ✔✔Mini stoke. Sudden neurological loss of function
with full recovery in 24 hrs.
✔✔Cerebrovascular accidents (CVA/stroke) - ✔✔Neurological impairment caused by
disruption of blood supply to area of brain.
✔✔Ischemic stroke - ✔✔85% caused by occluded blood vessel.
✔✔Hemorrhagic stroke - ✔✔15% caused by ruptured artery (aneurysm)
✔✔Trimester to best perform surgery - ✔✔2nd trimester. Most risk to fetus in 1st
trimester.
✔✔Obesity - ✔✔20 % above ideal body weight
[(wt in lbs/height in inches)2] x 703
✔✔Modifiable risk factors of stroke - ✔✔High blood pressure, diabetes, heart disease,
smoking, TIA, increased red blood cells, sickle cell disorder.
✔✔Unmodifiable risk factors for stroke - ✔✔Male, age 55 or older, two times African
American, previous stroke, heredity.
✔✔Considerations for obese patients - ✔✔Use of a large blood pressure cuff, difficult
venous access, patients should be treated in upright or semi fowler position.
✔✔Protease inhibitors - ✔✔Patients with HIV take this medications. It prolongs effects
of benzodiapam derivatives.
