GENETICS MIDTERM PRACTICE QUESTIONS
WITH DETAILED EXPLANATIONS 2026
◉ simply-inherited traits.
Answer: are affected by only a few genes
don't need to rely on breeding values and their predictions
want to know if the individual possesses the specific gene of interest
or not
◉ mating.
Answer: process that determines which selected males are bred to
which selected females
matching males and females from the selected group
◉ mating systems.
Answer: a set of rules for mating that get you the kind of results you
want
- to produce offspring with extreme breeding value in order to
increase the rate of genetic change
- to make use of complementarity
- to obtain hybrid vigor
,◉ between breed selection.
Answer: improves genetic change more rapidly
◉ complementarity.
Answer: an improvement in the overall performance of offspring
resulting from mating individuals with different but complementary
breeding values
ex) large and small parental genotypes mating = offspring that are
optimal
◉ crossbreeding.
Answer: The mating of sires of one breed or breed combination to
dams of another breed or breed combination
- crossbred offspring benefit from having both kinds of parents
◉ hybrid vigor.
Answer: an increase in the performance of hybrids over that of
purebreds
- most noticeable in traits like fertility and survivability
◉ interbreeding.
Answer: the mating of relatives
- not favorable due to genetic defects that result
,- interbreeding depression- the reverse of hybrid vigor
can be used to create breeds within a species with some desirable
genetic trait that can be crossed again to produce hybrid vigor
◉ commercial breeders.
Answer: tend to practice using systems that increase the efficiency
of what is being produced
use complementarity, hybrid vigor and cross-breeding
◉ seedstock breeders.
Answer: tend to care less about complementarity and hybrid vigor
will use mild interbreeding - purebred
◉ corrective mating.
Answer: mating designed to correct in their progeny the faults of
one or both parents
◉ gregor mendel.
Answer: mating in pea plants
- discoveries make up Mendel's Laws of Inheritance
- principles laid the groundwork for all genetic and animal breeding
theory developed since his time
, ◉ Gene.
Answer: the basic physical unit of heredity consisting of a DNA
sequence at a specific location on a chromosome
- short segments of chromosomes
◉ chromosomes.
Answer: a long strand of DNA and associated proteins present in the
nucleus of a cell
- chromosomes of a cell are paired as homologs (matching) from
mom and dad
◉ locus.
Answer: the location of a gene on a chromosome
- each locus is a pair of genes
◉ allele.
Answer: an alternative form of a gene
- must be functionally different
only two genes at a locus, but could be multiple alleles
*the maternal and paternal genes
◉ genotype.
WITH DETAILED EXPLANATIONS 2026
◉ simply-inherited traits.
Answer: are affected by only a few genes
don't need to rely on breeding values and their predictions
want to know if the individual possesses the specific gene of interest
or not
◉ mating.
Answer: process that determines which selected males are bred to
which selected females
matching males and females from the selected group
◉ mating systems.
Answer: a set of rules for mating that get you the kind of results you
want
- to produce offspring with extreme breeding value in order to
increase the rate of genetic change
- to make use of complementarity
- to obtain hybrid vigor
,◉ between breed selection.
Answer: improves genetic change more rapidly
◉ complementarity.
Answer: an improvement in the overall performance of offspring
resulting from mating individuals with different but complementary
breeding values
ex) large and small parental genotypes mating = offspring that are
optimal
◉ crossbreeding.
Answer: The mating of sires of one breed or breed combination to
dams of another breed or breed combination
- crossbred offspring benefit from having both kinds of parents
◉ hybrid vigor.
Answer: an increase in the performance of hybrids over that of
purebreds
- most noticeable in traits like fertility and survivability
◉ interbreeding.
Answer: the mating of relatives
- not favorable due to genetic defects that result
,- interbreeding depression- the reverse of hybrid vigor
can be used to create breeds within a species with some desirable
genetic trait that can be crossed again to produce hybrid vigor
◉ commercial breeders.
Answer: tend to practice using systems that increase the efficiency
of what is being produced
use complementarity, hybrid vigor and cross-breeding
◉ seedstock breeders.
Answer: tend to care less about complementarity and hybrid vigor
will use mild interbreeding - purebred
◉ corrective mating.
Answer: mating designed to correct in their progeny the faults of
one or both parents
◉ gregor mendel.
Answer: mating in pea plants
- discoveries make up Mendel's Laws of Inheritance
- principles laid the groundwork for all genetic and animal breeding
theory developed since his time
, ◉ Gene.
Answer: the basic physical unit of heredity consisting of a DNA
sequence at a specific location on a chromosome
- short segments of chromosomes
◉ chromosomes.
Answer: a long strand of DNA and associated proteins present in the
nucleus of a cell
- chromosomes of a cell are paired as homologs (matching) from
mom and dad
◉ locus.
Answer: the location of a gene on a chromosome
- each locus is a pair of genes
◉ allele.
Answer: an alternative form of a gene
- must be functionally different
only two genes at a locus, but could be multiple alleles
*the maternal and paternal genes
◉ genotype.
