BIO 181 QUIZ 2 PRACTICE QUESTIONS WITH DETAILED EXPLANATIONS 2026

BIO 181 QUIZ 2 PRACTICE QUESTIONS WITH
DETAILED EXPLANATIONS 2026

◉ Genetic Material Hypothesis.
Answer: Proteins were thought to carry genetic information.


◉ Transformation.
Answer: Process of genetic material transfer between organisms.


◉ Transforming Factor.
Answer: Oswald Avery identified DNA as the transforming factor.


◉ Hershey-Chase Experiment.
Answer: Showed that DNA was genetic material


◉ Viral DNA Labeling.
Answer: DNA labeled with phosphorus, protein with sulfur.


◉ Phage DNA Entry.
Answer: Only viral DNA enters E. coli, not protein.

,◉ Chargaff's Rules.
Answer: A=T and C=G base pairing in DNA.


◉ Nucleotide Components.
Answer: Sugar, phosphate, and nitrogenous base.


◉ DNA Replication Primer.
Answer: Short RNA segment initiates DNA synthesis.


◉ Leading Strand.
Answer: Continuously synthesized in the 5' to 3' direction.


◉ Lagging Strand.
Answer: Discontinuously synthesized in the 3' to 5' direction with
Okazaki fragments.


◉ Okazaki Fragments.
Answer: Short DNA segments on the lagging strand.


◉ Nucleotide Addition Direction.
Answer: 5' to 3' direction

, ◉ DNA Replication Enzymes.
Answer: Helicase
Polymerase
Ligase
Primase
Topoisomerase
Single-Strand Binding Protein


◉ Helicase.
Answer: Unwinds the DNA double helix during replication.


◉ DNA Polymerase.
Answer: Synthesizes new DNA strands from nucleotides.


◉ Ligase.
Answer: Joins Okazaki fragments on the lagging strand.


◉ Primase.
Answer: Synthesizes RNA primers for DNA replication.


◉ Single-Strand Binding Proteins.
Answer: Stabilize unwound DNA during replication.