Economic freedom leads to - Answers Higher standard of living
Why study the economic environment? - Answers Economic systems shape a market
Better investment choices
Operating decisions
Policy decisions
Better returns / less risk
Developed Economies - Answers Efficient capital movement
Stable institutions
Infrastructure
International trade and investments
Technology
Higher economic freedom
Higher political freedom
Rule of law
Developing Economies - Answers Uneven
Corruption
Lower incomes
Resistance to foreign ownership
Lower literacy levels, poverty
Lower economic freedom
Lower political freedom
Rule of man
Emerging Economies - Answers Accelerating growth
Modernizing
Market liberalization
Exports
FDI
Middle class, expanding consumption
Pro business
Higher economic freedom
Higher/unchanged political freedom
Moving towards rule of law
Lower cost resources
Productive labor
G20 Countries - Answers Premier international forum for global economic cooperation
86% of world economy
78% of global trade
66% of world's population
More than half of world's poor
Some emerging countries
Commonalities of Big Emerging Markets (BEMs) - Answers Territory
Population
Natural Resources, Increased consumption
Liberalization - FDI
Infrastructure needs
Aspirations of technological leadership
Political influence
Emerging Economies at a glance - Answers Almost 6 billion people
Account for 50% of global GDP
Account for 50% of global exports
Contributed to huge reduction in global poverty
Contributed 80% of global growth since 2008 financial crisis (helping save jobs in advanced countries)
China is now 1st or 2nd largest trading partner for 78 countries
Big challenges for IB - Answers Communication, power generating, transportation infrastructure
Distribution channels
, Financial markets
Volatility
Problems finding/working with suitable business partners
Gov't involvement & control
Corruption
Economic Freedom - Answers The degree of economic freedom an individual has to use his or her
initiative, effort, competencies to pursue their ambitions
Absolute right of property ownership
Fully realized freedoms of movement for labor capital and goods
Economic Freedom in Business - Answers Liberty managers have to decide endless aspects of
everyday business operations WITHOUT gov't coercion or constraint on the production, distribution,
or consumption of goods and services
Dimensions of Economic Freedom Index - Answers Rule of Law
Limited Government
Regulatory Efficiency
Open Markets
Rule of Law - Answers Property rights, freedom from corruption, effective judicial system
Limited Gov't - Answers Fiscal health, gov't spending, limited taxation
Regulatory Efficiency - Answers Labor, business, and monetary freedom
Open Markets - Answers Trade, investment and financial freedom, freedom of movement of labor
and goods
Types of Economic Systems - Answers Command
Market
Mixed
Command Economy - Answers An economic system in which the government controls a country's
economy, centrally planned
Low economic freedom
Market Economy - Answers Individuals rather than gov't make majority of economic decisions
High economic freedom
Mixed Economy - Answers Falls somewhere in between Market and Command economy
State Capitalism - Answers Political officials shape how assets are valued and when and where they're
used
State owns "national champion" businesses
Forces financial system to provide low-cost capital
Trade relations (promotes exports, limits imports)
Reduces political freedom to expand economic prosperity
Key Economic Measures - Answers GNI, GDP, GNP
Rate of economic growth
Population size
Purchasing Power Parity (PPP)
Sustainability and Happynomics
Gross National Income (GNI) - Answers Market value of all goods and services produced by domestic
economy plus income received from other nations minus same type of payments made to other
nations
Example of GNI - Answers Ford production value in USA and Mexico would count toward USA...
Toyota production value in USA would not count...
Countries with ____ GNI are most desirable in terms of market potential - Answers large populations
and high per capita
Gross Domestic Product (GDP) - Answers Market value of all production that takes place within a
nation's borders, without regard to whether the production is done by domestic or foreign factors of
production
Example of GDP - Answers Both a Ford and Toyota manufactured in the USA counts...
A Ford produced in Mexico would not count...
Purchasing Power Parity (PPP) - Answers The amount of money needed in one country to purchase
the same goods and services in another country
Highest price for a Big Mac - Answers Switzerland
Lowest price for a Big Mac - Answers Russia