BIOD 210
OBJECTIVE ASSESSMENT - EXAM
BIOD 210 Genetics Final Exam
Questions and Answers
(2026/2027) (Verified Answers)
2026/2027
Genetics Final Exam
75 100%
QUESTIONS VERIFIED ANSWERS EDITION
TOPICS COVERED
Mendelian Inheritance Patterns Chromosomal Abnormalities
DNA Structure & Replication Population Genetics & Hardy-Weinberg
Gene Expression & Regulation Molecular Diagnostic Techniques
BIOD 210 Genetics Final Exam Questions and Answers (2026/2027) (Verified Answers) 2026/2027 -- 2026/2027 | Passing Score: 80% | PageCOVER
1 of 45 PAGE - 1
,inciples of Genetics & Molecular Biology | Q1-Q15 | BIOD 210 Genetics Final Exam Questions and Answers (2026/2027) (Verified Answers) 2026/
Q1 Question 1 of 75
A 28-year-old researcher is analyzing a purified DNA sample from a eukaryotic cell.
She notes that the sample contains 30% adenine bases. Based on Chargaff's rules
and the complementary base-pairing nature of DNA, what percentage of guanine
should she expect to find in this sample?
A. 20%
B. 30%
C. 40%
D. 60%
Correct Answer: A
Rationale:
If adenine is 30%, then thymine is also 30% (A=T). This leaves 40% for G+C combined. Since G=C,
guanine must be 20%. The distractor 40% represents the combined G+C percentage, not guanine alone.
Q2 Question 2 of 75
A graduate student is comparing the structures of DNA and RNA in a laboratory
setting. He observes that RNA contains ribose sugar and uracil instead of thymine.
Which of the following additional structural differences between DNA and RNA is
most accurate?
A. RNA is typically double-stranded while DNA is single-stranded
B. RNA contains deoxyribose while DNA contains ribose
C. RNA is generally single-stranded while DNA is double-stranded
D. RNA lacks a phosphate backbone while DNA contains one
Correct Answer: C
Rationale:
RNA is generally single-stranded, whereas DNA is double-stranded with complementary base pairing. The
distractor A reverses this relationship, and B reverses the sugar types. Both DNA and RNA have
phosphate backbones.
,inciples of Genetics & Molecular Biology | Q1-Q15 | BIOD 210 Genetics Final Exam Questions and Answers (2026/2027) (Verified Answers) 2026/
Q3 Question 3 of 75
During a genetics lecture, a professor explains that histone proteins play a critical
role in DNA packaging within eukaryotic nuclei. A student asks which amino acid
residue in histones is primarily responsible for the electrostatic interaction with the
negatively charged DNA phosphate backbone.
A. Lysine
B. Glutamic acid
C. Aspartic acid
D. Serine
Correct Answer: A
Rationale:
Lysine is positively charged at physiological pH and interacts electrostatically with the negatively charged
DNA phosphate backbone. Glutamic acid and aspartic acid are negatively charged and would repel DNA.
Serine is uncharged.
Q4 Question 4 of 75
A molecular biologist is studying chromatin structure and observes that acetylation
of histone tails leads to a more open chromatin configuration. Which of the following
best explains the mechanism by which histone acetylation affects gene accessibility?
A. It increases the positive charge of histones, strengthening DNA binding
B. It adds negative charges to histones, causing DNA repulsion
C. It neutralizes positive charges on lysine residues, weakening histone-DNA interaction
D. It cross-links adjacent nucleosomes together tightly
Correct Answer: C
Rationale:
Acetylation of lysine residues neutralizes their positive charge, reducing the electrostatic attraction
between histones and DNA. This loosens chromatin structure. The distractor A describes the opposite
effect of deacetylation.
,inciples of Genetics & Molecular Biology | Q1-Q15 | BIOD 210 Genetics Final Exam Questions and Answers (2026/2027) (Verified Answers) 2026/
Q5 Question 5 of 75
In a genetics laboratory, a technician is preparing a karyotype from a blood sample.
She notices that one chromosome pair appears to have an extra chromatid at the
centromere region. Which of the following terms best describes this structural feature
of a duplicated chromosome?
A. Telomere
B. Chromatid arms
C. Homologous chromosomes
D. Sister chromatids
Correct Answer: D
Rationale:
After DNA replication, each chromosome consists of two identical sister chromatids joined at the
centromere. Telomeres are at chromosome ends. Homologous chromosomes are matching pairs from
each parent, not the duplicated halves of one chromosome.
Q6 Question 6 of 75
A researcher is investigating the organization of genetic material in a prokaryotic
organism. She discovers that the bacterial chromosome is circular and not enclosed
within a nuclear membrane. Which of the following additional characteristics
accurately describes prokaryotic DNA organization?
A. It exists as a single circular chromosome in the nucleoid region
B. It is associated with histone proteins in a nucleosome structure
C. It is packaged into multiple linear chromosomes
D. It is always accompanied by multiple large plasmids
Correct Answer: A
Rationale:
Prokaryotes typically have a single circular chromosome located in the nucleoid region, not enclosed by a
membrane. They lack histone-based nucleosomes. While plasmids may exist, they are not always present,
and prokaryotes do not have multiple linear chromosomes.
OBJECTIVE ASSESSMENT - EXAM
BIOD 210 Genetics Final Exam
Questions and Answers
(2026/2027) (Verified Answers)
2026/2027
Genetics Final Exam
75 100%
QUESTIONS VERIFIED ANSWERS EDITION
TOPICS COVERED
Mendelian Inheritance Patterns Chromosomal Abnormalities
DNA Structure & Replication Population Genetics & Hardy-Weinberg
Gene Expression & Regulation Molecular Diagnostic Techniques
BIOD 210 Genetics Final Exam Questions and Answers (2026/2027) (Verified Answers) 2026/2027 -- 2026/2027 | Passing Score: 80% | PageCOVER
1 of 45 PAGE - 1
,inciples of Genetics & Molecular Biology | Q1-Q15 | BIOD 210 Genetics Final Exam Questions and Answers (2026/2027) (Verified Answers) 2026/
Q1 Question 1 of 75
A 28-year-old researcher is analyzing a purified DNA sample from a eukaryotic cell.
She notes that the sample contains 30% adenine bases. Based on Chargaff's rules
and the complementary base-pairing nature of DNA, what percentage of guanine
should she expect to find in this sample?
A. 20%
B. 30%
C. 40%
D. 60%
Correct Answer: A
Rationale:
If adenine is 30%, then thymine is also 30% (A=T). This leaves 40% for G+C combined. Since G=C,
guanine must be 20%. The distractor 40% represents the combined G+C percentage, not guanine alone.
Q2 Question 2 of 75
A graduate student is comparing the structures of DNA and RNA in a laboratory
setting. He observes that RNA contains ribose sugar and uracil instead of thymine.
Which of the following additional structural differences between DNA and RNA is
most accurate?
A. RNA is typically double-stranded while DNA is single-stranded
B. RNA contains deoxyribose while DNA contains ribose
C. RNA is generally single-stranded while DNA is double-stranded
D. RNA lacks a phosphate backbone while DNA contains one
Correct Answer: C
Rationale:
RNA is generally single-stranded, whereas DNA is double-stranded with complementary base pairing. The
distractor A reverses this relationship, and B reverses the sugar types. Both DNA and RNA have
phosphate backbones.
,inciples of Genetics & Molecular Biology | Q1-Q15 | BIOD 210 Genetics Final Exam Questions and Answers (2026/2027) (Verified Answers) 2026/
Q3 Question 3 of 75
During a genetics lecture, a professor explains that histone proteins play a critical
role in DNA packaging within eukaryotic nuclei. A student asks which amino acid
residue in histones is primarily responsible for the electrostatic interaction with the
negatively charged DNA phosphate backbone.
A. Lysine
B. Glutamic acid
C. Aspartic acid
D. Serine
Correct Answer: A
Rationale:
Lysine is positively charged at physiological pH and interacts electrostatically with the negatively charged
DNA phosphate backbone. Glutamic acid and aspartic acid are negatively charged and would repel DNA.
Serine is uncharged.
Q4 Question 4 of 75
A molecular biologist is studying chromatin structure and observes that acetylation
of histone tails leads to a more open chromatin configuration. Which of the following
best explains the mechanism by which histone acetylation affects gene accessibility?
A. It increases the positive charge of histones, strengthening DNA binding
B. It adds negative charges to histones, causing DNA repulsion
C. It neutralizes positive charges on lysine residues, weakening histone-DNA interaction
D. It cross-links adjacent nucleosomes together tightly
Correct Answer: C
Rationale:
Acetylation of lysine residues neutralizes their positive charge, reducing the electrostatic attraction
between histones and DNA. This loosens chromatin structure. The distractor A describes the opposite
effect of deacetylation.
,inciples of Genetics & Molecular Biology | Q1-Q15 | BIOD 210 Genetics Final Exam Questions and Answers (2026/2027) (Verified Answers) 2026/
Q5 Question 5 of 75
In a genetics laboratory, a technician is preparing a karyotype from a blood sample.
She notices that one chromosome pair appears to have an extra chromatid at the
centromere region. Which of the following terms best describes this structural feature
of a duplicated chromosome?
A. Telomere
B. Chromatid arms
C. Homologous chromosomes
D. Sister chromatids
Correct Answer: D
Rationale:
After DNA replication, each chromosome consists of two identical sister chromatids joined at the
centromere. Telomeres are at chromosome ends. Homologous chromosomes are matching pairs from
each parent, not the duplicated halves of one chromosome.
Q6 Question 6 of 75
A researcher is investigating the organization of genetic material in a prokaryotic
organism. She discovers that the bacterial chromosome is circular and not enclosed
within a nuclear membrane. Which of the following additional characteristics
accurately describes prokaryotic DNA organization?
A. It exists as a single circular chromosome in the nucleoid region
B. It is associated with histone proteins in a nucleosome structure
C. It is packaged into multiple linear chromosomes
D. It is always accompanied by multiple large plasmids
Correct Answer: A
Rationale:
Prokaryotes typically have a single circular chromosome located in the nucleoid region, not enclosed by a
membrane. They lack histone-based nucleosomes. While plasmids may exist, they are not always present,
and prokaryotes do not have multiple linear chromosomes.
