NSG 122 Exam 1 V3 | NSG 122 Nursing
Fundamental Concepts | Herzing | 2026
Q&A with Rationale (Herzing NSG122
Exam 1 2026)
1. A nurse is preparing to perform hand hygiene. Which action is the most effective way to
prevent the spread of microorganisms?
A. Using hot water to kill bacteria on the skin surface.
B. Rinsing the hands with cold water for at least five seconds.
C. Applying friction for at least 15 to 20 seconds using soap.
D. Drying hands from the elbows down to the fingertips.
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Friction is the most important component of handwashing because it physically
removes microorganisms from the skin. The Centers for Disease Control and Prevention
recommends scrubbing for at least 20 seconds to ensure adequate cleaning. Proper
technique involves using warm water and drying from fingertips to wrists to maintain
cleanliness.
2. The nurse is assessing a patient’s vital signs. Which finding would be considered a sign of
orthostatic hypotension?
A. A blood pressure reading of 140/90 mmHg while lying supine.
,B. An increase in heart rate of 5 beats per minute upon sitting up.
C. A decrease in systolic BP of 20 mmHg when moving from lying to standing.
D. A decrease in diastolic BP of 5 mmHg after standing for three minutes.
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Orthostatic hypotension is defined by a significant drop in blood pressure when
changing positions. Specifically, it involves a decrease in systolic blood pressure of at least
20 mmHg or diastolic blood pressure of at least 10 mmHg. This condition often results from
peripheral vasodilation without a compensatory increase in cardiac output.
3. Which step of the nursing process involves the nurse determining if the patient’s goals and
outcomes have been met?
A. Assessment
B. Evaluation
C. Implementation
D. Planning
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Evaluation is the final step of the nursing process where the nurse measures the
client’s response to nursing actions. During this phase, the nurse compares the current
health status against the pre-established goals. If goals are not met, the nurse must reassess
the patient and revise the care plan accordingly.
, 4. A nurse is caring for a patient on Contact Precautions. Which piece of personal protective
equipment (PPE) must be donned before entering the room?
A. N95 respirator and goggles
B. Gloves and face shield only
C. Surgical mask and shoe covers
D. Gown and gloves
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: Contact precautions require the use of a gown and gloves to prevent the
transmission of pathogens through direct or indirect contact. This protocol is essential for
patients with multidrug-resistant organisms or enteric infections like C. diff. PPE should be
removed and hand hygiene performed before exiting the patient’s environment.
5. Which statement by a student nurse regarding the ‘Rights of Medication Administration’
indicates a need for further teaching?
A. ‘I must check the medication label against the MAR three times.’
B. ‘I need to document the medication immediately after administration.’
C. ‘I will verify the patient’s identity using the room number.’
D. ‘I must ensure the medication is given at the correct time.’
Correct Answer: C
Fundamental Concepts | Herzing | 2026
Q&A with Rationale (Herzing NSG122
Exam 1 2026)
1. A nurse is preparing to perform hand hygiene. Which action is the most effective way to
prevent the spread of microorganisms?
A. Using hot water to kill bacteria on the skin surface.
B. Rinsing the hands with cold water for at least five seconds.
C. Applying friction for at least 15 to 20 seconds using soap.
D. Drying hands from the elbows down to the fingertips.
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Friction is the most important component of handwashing because it physically
removes microorganisms from the skin. The Centers for Disease Control and Prevention
recommends scrubbing for at least 20 seconds to ensure adequate cleaning. Proper
technique involves using warm water and drying from fingertips to wrists to maintain
cleanliness.
2. The nurse is assessing a patient’s vital signs. Which finding would be considered a sign of
orthostatic hypotension?
A. A blood pressure reading of 140/90 mmHg while lying supine.
,B. An increase in heart rate of 5 beats per minute upon sitting up.
C. A decrease in systolic BP of 20 mmHg when moving from lying to standing.
D. A decrease in diastolic BP of 5 mmHg after standing for three minutes.
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Orthostatic hypotension is defined by a significant drop in blood pressure when
changing positions. Specifically, it involves a decrease in systolic blood pressure of at least
20 mmHg or diastolic blood pressure of at least 10 mmHg. This condition often results from
peripheral vasodilation without a compensatory increase in cardiac output.
3. Which step of the nursing process involves the nurse determining if the patient’s goals and
outcomes have been met?
A. Assessment
B. Evaluation
C. Implementation
D. Planning
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Evaluation is the final step of the nursing process where the nurse measures the
client’s response to nursing actions. During this phase, the nurse compares the current
health status against the pre-established goals. If goals are not met, the nurse must reassess
the patient and revise the care plan accordingly.
, 4. A nurse is caring for a patient on Contact Precautions. Which piece of personal protective
equipment (PPE) must be donned before entering the room?
A. N95 respirator and goggles
B. Gloves and face shield only
C. Surgical mask and shoe covers
D. Gown and gloves
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: Contact precautions require the use of a gown and gloves to prevent the
transmission of pathogens through direct or indirect contact. This protocol is essential for
patients with multidrug-resistant organisms or enteric infections like C. diff. PPE should be
removed and hand hygiene performed before exiting the patient’s environment.
5. Which statement by a student nurse regarding the ‘Rights of Medication Administration’
indicates a need for further teaching?
A. ‘I must check the medication label against the MAR three times.’
B. ‘I need to document the medication immediately after administration.’
C. ‘I will verify the patient’s identity using the room number.’
D. ‘I must ensure the medication is given at the correct time.’
Correct Answer: C
