NSG 530 Advanced Pathophysiology Exam 1 Review| Questions and Answers| Wilkes 2026/27 Updated

NSG 530 Advanced Pathophysiology Exam 1
Review| Questions and Answers| Wilkes

QUESTION
whatl isl thel 1stl linel ofl defense?


Answer:
-l innatel immunityl (presentl atl birth)
-l includesl naturall barriersl (physical-skin,l biochemicall enzymes,l microbe-el coli)
-l toll-likel receptorsl (TLR)l innatel responsel tol pathogens
-l T&B




QUESTION
whatl isl thel 2ndl linel ofl defense?


Answer:
-l inflammationl occursl inl vascularizedl tissue
-l acutel inflammatoryl response
-l chronicl inflammation
-l woundl healing




QUESTION
whatl isl anl acutel inflammatoryl response?


Answer:
-l injuryl orl invasionl (1stl response)
-l mastl cellsl mostl importantl mediatorsl ofl inflammationl (degranulation)
-l activationl ofl plasmal systemsl &l releasel ofl celll products

,-l leukocytes




QUESTION
whatl arel leukocytes?


Answer:
-l defenders




QUESTION
whol arel 1stl responders?


Answer:
-l neutrophils




QUESTION
whol arel thel "killerl cells"?


Answer:
-l lymphocytes




QUESTION
whenl doesl chronicl inflammationl occurl with?


Answer:
-l persistencel ofl infection,l anl antigenl orl foreignl body




QUESTION

,whatl arel toll-likel receptors?l wherel arel theyl found?


Answer:
-l foundl onl celll surface/plasmal membranel (outerl membranel ofl phagocyticl cells)
-l mainl contributorl tol innatel immunity
-l playl importantl rolel inl defense
-l detectl pathogens,l virall &l bacteriall RNAl &l DNA
-l earlyl contactl withl infectiousl microorganisms




QUESTION
whatl isl humorall immunity?


Answer:
-l antigensl &l antibodiesl bindl withl memories




QUESTION
whatl isl anotherl namel forl anl antibody?


Answer:
-l immunoglobulinl (Ig)




QUESTION
whatl isl IgE?


Answer:
-l responsel tol environmentall antigens,l allergies




QUESTION
whatl isl IgGl &l IgM?

, Answer:
-l elevatedl inl tissuel specificl
-l IgMl responsel tol anl activel infectionl 1stl responsel tol viral,l testl forl activel orl recoveringl
covid




QUESTION
whatl isl anl activel adaptivel immunityl response?


Answer:
-l activel originatedl inl hostl afterl naturall exposurel orl immunization




QUESTION
whatl isl al passivel adaptivel immunityl response?


Answer:
-l camel froml donorl maternall antibodiesl acrossl placental tol fetus




QUESTION
whatl arel lymphocytel T&Bl cells?


Answer:
-l immunocompetent




QUESTION
whatl isl thel 3rdl linel ofl defense?


Answer: